AIR COMPRESSOR MANUAL STARTING PROCEDURE

Air compressor starting procedure manually.

1. Change over the switch to manual position on the switch board.
2. Check the L.O sump level and condition.
3. Open the moisture drain valve. 
4. Open the compressor discharge valve and charging valve of air bottle.
5. Open cooling water system valves.
6. Turn  compressor flywheel by hand (one turn)
7. Now Start the motor, after that  draining the moisture and shut the drain valve.
8. Check the motor ampere consumed.
9. Check the pressure gauge readings.
10. Frequently drain the moistures.
11. Once the charging full, open drain valve and stop the compressor.

PURIFIER OVERFLOW REASONS

Reasons for purifier overflow

1. Incorrect purifier disc size [Inside diameter too large]
2. Too low fuel oil temperature
3. Too much rate of throughput 
4. Too much sludge inside the bowl
5. Low speed (rpm) of bowl rotation
6. Sealing water failure
7. Operating water failure
8. Worn out main sealing ring.

Important Note: 

surveyor will ask you the following cross questions

Q1. what is throughput? 

• ANS: Purifier feed (inlet)

Q2. what is the meaning of overflow?

ANS:

• Overflow means oil leaking to water side or water leaking to oil side due to failure of interface between these two liquids.

Q3.How will you come to know your purifier is overflowing when you are being in ECR?

ANS: 

1. Purifier abnormal alarm will come
2. Sludge tank high level alarm will come

Air compressor

Air compressor safeties 

1. Drain valve
2. Unloader 
3. Bursting disc
4. Fusible plug 
5. Relief valve 
6. L.O low pressure alarm and trip
7. L.O low level alarm (sump)
8. J.C.W high temperature alarm and trip
9. Jacket water no-flow trip 
10. High air temperature trip 
11. Motor overload trip  

{Note: if surveyor asking this question in oral exam, definitely he will ask what are alarms and what are trips separately}

MARPOL ANNEX 6 REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION

REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION.

APPLY TO 

•  ALL SHIPS 

CERTIFICATES 

• INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE
• ENGINE INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE.
• INTERNATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATE.

NITROGEN OXIDE (NOx)

APPLY TO 

•  EACH ENGINE OF 130KW AND ABOVE (MAIN ENGINE ND AUX ENGINE)

NOT APPLY TO 

• EMERGENCY GENERATOR,
• LIFE BOAT ENGINE

HOW NOX WILL PRODUCED?

•  USUALLY OXYGEN IS 21% IN AIR. AND NITROGEN IS 78% IN AIR . WHEN BOTH ARE REACT WITH TEMPERATURE OF 1100°C IT BECOME NOx WHICH IS HARM TO ENVIRONMENT.

REASON FOR NOx PRODUCTION.?

•  HIGHT CYLINDER TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DURING THE COMPRESSION.
• HEAVY LOAD ON ENGINE OR ENGINE UNIT.
• IMPROPER AOR AND FUEL MIXTURE.
• HIGH TEMPERATURE OF SCAVENGE AIR.
• JACKET WATER HIGH TEMPERATURE.

METHODS OF REDUCE NOx EMISSIONS?

• HUMIDITY AIR METHOD 
• EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION METHOD.
• WATER INJECTION AND WATER EMULSION.
• SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
• TWO STAGE TURBOCHARGER 

NOx TECHNICAL FILE ENTRIES .

• ANY MAJOR CHANGES ARE DONE IN IN ENGINE SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN NOX TECHNICAL FILE. 
• INJECTOR CHANGING/ OVERHAULING.
• INJECTOR TIMING CHANGE.
• CYLINDER COOLER REPLACE
• T/C CHANGES  OR REPLACED
• SCAVENGE AIR COOLER MAINTENANCE.
• GOVERNOR CHANGES IN SETTING.

SULPHUR OXIDES SOx 

APPLY TO 

• MAIN ENGINE, AUXILIARY ENGINE BOILER, INCUBATOR.

FORMATION OF SOx 

• BAD QUALITY OF FUEL 
• HIGH PERCENTAGE OF SULPHUR IN FUEL OIL 

CAUSES OF SOx 

• ACID RAIN 
• EMISSION OF SOx 
• HARMFUL TO HUMAN.

SULPHUR EMISSION REGULATIONS

• AFTER 2020 SHOULD USE BELOW 0.5% SULPHUR M/M 
• IF WE DONT HAVE BELOW 0.5% SULPHUR FUEL OIL .
• WE SHOULD FILL FUEL OIL NON AVAILABILITY RECORD 
• NEXT PORT THEY WILL ARRANGE THE LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL.

REDUCTION OF SOx.

• BUNKER LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL.
• EXHAUST GAS SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY
• CYLINDER LUBRICATION -USE MORE ALKALINE LUB OIL.

SPECIAL AREA UNDER ANNEX 6

• BALTIC SEA 
• NORTH SEA AREA 
• NORTH AMERICAN SEA.
• UNITED STATES CARIBBEAN SEA AREA.

MARPOL ANNEX 1 REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY OIL

 Annex 1 

Apply To 

•   All ships 

Certificate

International oil Pollution prevention certificate.

Survey required 

Oil tanker 130gt and above 

Normal vessel 400gt and above 

• Internal survey 
• Renewal survey
• Intermediate survey
• Annual survey

DISCHARGE CRITERIA

ABOVE 400 GT FOR NORMAL VESSEL

DISCHARGE CRITERIA OUTSIDE OF SPECIAL AREA.

• THE SHIP IS PROCEEDING ENROUTED 
• THE OIL MIXTURE PROCESS THROUGH THE OIL FILTERING EQUIPMENT.
• OIL CONTENT EFFULGENT DOESN'T EXCEEDED 15PPM
• OILY MIXTURE DOESN'T ORIGINATED FROM CARGO PUMP ROOM BILGES ON OIL TANKERS.
• THE OILY MIXTURE IN CASE OF OIL TANKER IS NOT MIX WITH CARGO RESIDUALS.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR SPECIAL AREA 

• SHIP OF 400GT AND ABOVE  FOR NORMAL VESSEL 
• SAME LIKE OUTSIDE OF SPECIAL AREA(ABOVE MENTIONED)  BUT IN ATLANTIC SEA DISCHARGE IS PROHIBITED.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR OIL TANKER OUTSIDE OF SPECAL AREA.

SHIP OF 150GT AND ABOVE  FOR TANKERS.

• SHIP IS NOT IN SPECAL AREA 
• SHIP IS PROCEEDING ENROUTED
• SHIP IS IN 50 NAUTICAL MILES FROM NEAREST LAND .
• THE INSTANTANEOUS RATE OF DISCHARGE OF OIL CONTENT DOESN'T EXCEEDED  30 LITTER PER NAUTICAL MAILES.
• TOTAL QUANTITY OF DISCHARGE FOR OLD TANKER 1/15000 OF TOTAL QUANTITY. FOR NEW TANKER 1/30000 OF TOTAL QUANTITY.
• TANKER DISCHARGE SHOULD BE PROCESS THROUGH THE DISCHARGE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM. AMD SLOP TANK ARRANGEMENT.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA IN SPECIAL AREA FOR TANKERS.

• DISCHARGE IS PROHIBITED.

OIL RECORD BOOK 

NORMAL VESSEL 400GT AND ABOVE- PART 1 FOR MACHINERY SPACE .

FOR TANKER VESSELS 150GT AND ABOVE- PART 2 FOR TANKER .

• EACH OPERATION SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN OIL RECORD BOOK.
• EACH PAGE SHOULD SIGNED BY MASTER .
• ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK SHOULD BE IN FLAGE STATE LANGUAGE
• KEPT IN 3 YEARS IN SHIP.

ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK.

• PART 1 NORMAL VESSEL.
• (400GT AND ABOVE NORMAL VESSEL MACHINERY SPACE ENTRIES)
• BALLAST OR CLEANING OF FO TANKS 
• DISCHARGE OF BALLAST OR CLEANING WATER FROM F.O TANK.
• COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF OIL RESIDUALS.
• AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE.
• NON-AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE.
• BUNKER OF FO AND LUB OIL.
• CONDITION OF OIL FILTERING SYSTEM.

ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK (TANKER OF 150GT AND ABOVE)

Part 2 tankers

• LOADING OF CARGO OIL.
• TRANSFER TO OTHER TANKER WHILE VOYAGE.
• UNLOADING OF CARGO OIL.
• CRUDE OIL WASHING.
• CLEANING IF CARGO OIL TANK.
• DISCHARGE OF DIRTY WATER 
• DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM SLOP TANK.
• DISPOSAL OF RESIDUALS.

STIFF SHIP AND TENDER SHIP and Difference between stiff and tender ship.

Stiff ship and tender ship

  STIFF SHIP

• When a metacentric height and righting lever distance is large,
• Ship have excessive stability
• Ship will come to its normal upright position very quickly when its heeled.

Tender ship

• When metacentric height and righting lever distance is very small. 
• Ships have less stability
• Ship will come to its  normal  upright position very slowly when its heeled.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STIFF SHIP & TENDER SHIP?