PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHILE CLEANING CHEMICALS

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Some chemicals produce toxic gases, hence carryout ventilation while using such chemicals,
2. Use protective clothing while cleaning chemicals and barrier creams which may help to protect the skin may be applied,
3. A chemical from an un_labelled container should never be used unless uts identify has been positively established,
4. Chemical should always be handled with utmost care,eyes and skin should be protected from accidental exposure or contact,
5. Manufacturer or supplier's advice on the correct use of chemicals  should always be followed,
6. Chemical should not be mixed unless is it known that the dangerous reaction will not be caused.
7. Carbon tetra chloride should not be used for cleaning electrical equipments, because of the High toxicity of its vapours,
8. A record (Product data sheet) should (when obtainable) be kept on board, available to all users, containing sufficient information to determine the degree of the danger posed by the substance,
9. Exposure to certain substance such as mineral oils, natural solvents, and chemicals including domestic cleaning agents and detergents may cause dermatitis.
10. Suitable gloves should be worn when using such substance,
11. Medical first aid guid should be consulted for accidents involving chemicals,

KINDLY PLEASE DROP YOUR COMMENTS ON COMMENTS BOX

SOME RULES &SAFETY PRECAUTIONS RELATING TO PUMPING OUT BILGE

 RULES & SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 

1. Vessel shall have atleast four independent power pumps connected to mains, ballast, sanitary
2. One such pump should be remote operated 
3. pump should be of self priming type,
4. Each pimp should have a direct suction,
5. Main circulation pump should have a direct suction with non return valve,
6. Bilge pipes should not be led through oil tanks or double bottom tanks.
7. Bilge valves should be non return valve,
8. Emergency bilge system should be separated from main system,
9. Bilge pipes should be provided with mud boxes and strum boxes,
10. Sounding pipes where provided are to be as straight as possible,
11. Bilges should never be pumped out directly into sea,
12. Bilges should be pumped via oily bilge separator,
13. Never pump out bilges without the permission of chief engineer,

Please drop your comments here in Comments box.

STARTING AND RUNNING CHECKS AND STOPPING OF AIR COMPRESSOR

 STARTING PROCEDURE

• check the air bottle pressure and drain  the air bottle for any condensate moisture.

1. Open air  bottle filling  valve.
2. Open compressor air discharge valve,
3. Check compressor sump oil level,
4. Open compressor air cooler cooling water inlet and outlet valves,
5. Purge out cooling water area -jacket etc,
6. Open drain valve of each stage,
7. Crank the compressor by hand a couple of times.
8. Make sure compressor body is free from any other foreign materials,
9.  Start the compressor,

RUNNING CHECKS:

1. close the air cooler air side stages drain valves, starting from 1st stage.
2. Check compressor lub oil pressure and cooling water pressure,
3. Drain each stage cooler and air bottle at regular intervals of 5 mints.
4. Check crankcase and all stages coolers for over heating,
5. Check for any abnormal sounds,
6. Check the air pressure and air temperature of air receiver and every stage of compressor.

STOPPING PROCEDURE:

1. when air bottle attained the required pressure
2. Open the air cooler drain valves (starting from 3rd stage to 1st stage)
3. Stop the compressor,
4. Close compressor outlet valve,
5. Close air bottle inlet valve,.
6. Drain air bottle to remove any condensate,
7. Shut the cooling water inlet and outlet valves, after air compressor has cooled down,
8. Check all valves are in their correct position.

VALVES USED ONBOARD TANKER SHIP

 Valves:

1. Manifold valves
2. Tank valves 
3. Drop valves 
4. Crossover valves 

Where its fitted

 Manifold Valves:

• These valves which are constructed in lines flow to the connecting flanges.

Master valves:

• At each line where a fore and aft pipe lines passes through a tank sich hand operated valve is fitted in the line, these are known as master valves.

Tank valves:

• The Valve which is  close to each bell mouth is located as valve which controls the flow of oil into and out of the tank.

Drop valves:

•  Each main line has one or two drop lines and drop valves control the flow of oil in those line.

Crossover valves:

• Athwart ship tank line joining the line are known as a crossover lines and the crossover valves separating the main line from other as well as separating individual tanks.

STARTING PROCEDURE OF PURIFIER

1.  Switch on the electrical motor 
2. Wait ror 10-15 mint for the purifier to reach it's operational speed (check the ammeter for load on the motor,the current will reduce once the the purifier reached it's operational rpm)
3. Supply sea water( sealing water) by open the sea water line valve.
4. Check the water outlet of purifier, if the water seal is formed.
5. Now close the sea water valve (sealing water)
6. Supply the oil into purifier (through the heater if it is heavy oil or lub oil)
7. Open the operating water line,and keep the line on,.
8. Now purifier is in operation, absorb the oil delivery through the oil line by looking at the sight glass.

SLUDGE OUT PROCEDURE.

1. Close the supply of fuel (also heater)
2. Form the seal.
3. Open de-sludge water by opening the valve.
4. When you hear the hissing noise and see the loas on the motor while high,
5.  shut the de-sludging valve.
6.  That means de-sludging  has been carried out.
7. Now absorb for the motor to be in it's normal load this means the purifier is ready for it's operation 
8. Now follow the starting procedure 3 to 8

GALLEY FIRE ONBOARD SHIP MEO CLASS 4 ORALS

 Major accommodation fire occur in gallery while cooking.

• Incase of fire in oil pan 
• Use fire blanket to extinguish the fire 
• Incase of electrical fire.
• Isolate the electrical supply.
• Use portable co2 extinguisher.
• If fire intensity is high. If its not extinguished by fire blanket or co2 portable fire extinguisher. 
• Switch off the galley supply and exhaust fan. And pull the emergency lever to shut off exhaust hood ventilation,
• Which will placed in galley or entrance of galley.
• Close the galley door.
• Rise the fire alarm, from nearest call point.
• Inform the bridge or ship office incase ship is in port..
• Confirm the galley entrace door and ventilation  and electrical supply is shut off.
• Release the fixed fire fighting System if installed there.
• Otherwise use water and portable extinguisher to fight the fire ..

Please write your comments below the comments box.

MARPOL ANNEX 2 MEO CLASS4 ORALS

 MARPOL ANNEX 2

REGULATION FOR CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCE IN BULK.

APPLICABLE TO:

• ship which carrying noxious liquid substance and chemicals In bulk,

NOT APPLICABLE TO:

• Harmful substances carried in any kind of package.

Liquid substance and chemicals which are carried in bulk annex 2 came into force on 6th April 1987,

Carriage of chemical covers under two main conventions.

1. SOLAS CHAPTER 7
2. MARPOL ANNEX 2

both of the conventions required chemical tankers which are buit after 1st July 1986 to comply with international bulk chemical code 

IBC (INTERNATIONAL BULK CHEMICAL CODE)

• IBC CODE booklet carried all ships which carrying chemicals and noxious liquid substance in bulk by sea.
• It contains  some safety standards  which are to be maintained while carriage of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substance in bulk.
• It also sets out minimum design and construction of these vessel.
• Ibc code contain complete list of chemicals and their environment hazard rating,
• Asper annex 2 noxious liquid substance which are carried by sea are categorised into main categories,
• Based of harm that they can cause to the marine environment.

1. Catagory X 
2. Category Y 
3. Catagory Z 
4. Other substances

CATAGORY X 

• when discharging into sea from tank cleaning or D-ballasting operation are deemed to present major hazard to the marine environment as well as human health.
• Therefore they are prohibited to discharge into sea.

CATAGORY Y 

• when discharging into sea from tank cleaning or D-ballasting operation present in hazard to marine environment.
• But not a major one but still a hazard to the marine environment,
•  so therefore some limitations on quantity and quality of discharge of substance into sea 

CATEGORY Z 

• when discharging into sea from tank cleaning or D-ballasting operation present in minor hazard to the marine environment,
• Therefore there are less stringent restrictions which are to be followed while discharge into sea on quality and quantity.

OTHER SUBSTANCES 

• which are carried no harm to the marine environment so no restriction to discharging into sea after tank cleaning or D-ballasting.

PARAMETERS OF DISCHARGING NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCE IN BULK.

• speed of the vessel while discharging.
• Minimum discharge from the nearest land while discharging.
• Minimum depth of the sea while discharging.
• Weather discharging is being carried out above the water line or below the water line

 

DISCHARGE CRITERIA 

• ship proceeding enrouted
• Speed of the ship minimum 7knots for self propelled ship, for not self propelled ship minimum 4knots 
• Should be 12meter or above from the nearest land.
• Discharge through below the water line 
• Underwater discharge outlet not exceeding the minimum rate which its designed.
• Depth of the water should not be less than 25 meters,

SPECIAL AREA UNDER ANNEX 2

• Antarctic sea area.

P AND A MANUAL 

• every ship which carry noxious liquid substance in bulk, needs to carry p and manual.
• Which is the procedure and arrangements manual which is approved by administration.
• This manual contain some important guidelines nad operational procedures which needs be followed during cargo handling tank cleaning  and slope handling and cargo hold D-ballasting operations.

CARGO RECORD BOOK 

• kept in 3 years 
• Every ship carry noxious liquid substance should  carry cargo record book.
• Each operation should be signed by officer incharge.
• Each page signed by master of the ship.
• Kept in readily available location for inspection.

ENTRIES OF CARGO RECORD BOOK 

• loading of cargo.
• Internal transfer cargo during voyage.
• Unloading of cargo.
• Mandatory pre-wash .
• Discharge into sea if tank washing.
• Ballasting of from tank .
• Discharge of ballast water from cargo tank.
• Accidentally or exceptional discharge 
• Controlled by authorised survayer 
• And additional operational procedures and remarks.

OVERHAULING OF 4 STROKE FUEL INJECTOR MEO CLASS4 ORALS

 4stroke fuel injector overhauling

• Remove the cap nut 
• Remove the lock nut and adjusting screw,
• Remove the nozzle retaining nut.
• Now Remove the nozzle and distance piece
• Remove the dowel pin.
• Remove the push rod  and spring and spring seat.
• Remove the needle from Nozzle.
• Now clean the parts 
• And reassemble.

Overhauling of 2 stroke fuel injector meoclass4 orals

 2 stroke fuel injector overhauling.

• Remove the 'o' rings 
• Remove the valve holder and valve head,
• Slack the union nut 
• Now valve head come separately
• Remove the trust spindle.
• Remove the spring and spring seat.
• Remove the trust foot.
• Remove the spindle guide and nozzls.
• Now clean the parts 
• And assemble properly.

Lubrication oil properties of refrigeration compressor and how will you select REFRIGERANT? MEO CLASS4 ORALS

 Lubrication oil properties of refrigeration compressor?

• Should have low floc point 
• Should have low pour point.
• Should not react with REFRIGERANT
• Stability
• Defoaming character.
• Dielectric strength.

How will you select REFRIGERANT ?

• High critical temperature
• Low critical PRESSURE
• Latent head of vaporization
• Eco friendly.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REFRIGERATION, AIR CONDITIONING, VENTILATION, MEO CLASS4 ORALS

 Refrigeration

• Reduce the temperature of the space is called refrigeration.

Air conditioning 

• It control the temperature and humidity in the space together with circulation,
• And filtering and refreshing the air.

Ventilation?

• Circulation and refreshing of ir in the spce without changing of temperature.

NAVAL TERMS PART 2 MEO CLASS4 ORALS

 NAVAL TERMS PART 2

WAKE?

• Wake is the motion of water at stern of the ship is because of ship's movement.

Longitudinal center of floatation?

• It is a point about which trim will change when loading and unloading.

Net tonnage?

• It is the volume of all spaces where cargo is loaded.

Gross tonnage?

• It is the total volume of enclosed spaces in ship.

Light weight?

• Mass of the empty ship without any effect (cargo,fuel,water,crew)

Dead weight?

• Total weight of cargo fuel, water, crew except ship's weight.

Permeability?

• Percentage of empty volume  in a ship.

Buoyancy?

• Upthrust force applied by the water to the ship.

Reserve buoyancy?

• Volume of enclosed space above the water line.

Fresh water allowance?

• When a ship moves from sea water to fresh water there will be increasing draught.

Docking allowance?

• When a ship is moving sea water to docking water there will be  increasing draught.

Propeller pitch ratio?

• Its a face pitch divide by diameter.

Slip?

• The difference between the speed of the Engine and actual speed  of the ship.

Water line ?

• Water line at the fully loaded summer is summer load line.

Molded beam?

• The maximum molded breadth which measures at mid ship is called molded beam.

Base line ?

• A horizontal line which is drawn along the top of the keel plate.

Sheer strake ?

• Top strake of the side shell plating which connects the deck plating to the shide shells.

Bilge stake / turn if bilge?

• The stake at the turn of the bilge is called turn of strake.

Air draught?

• Above the water line to extreme structure ig the ship is called air draught.

Keel ?

• Center moste plating is called keel.

Stringer strake ?

• Extreme strake of the deck plating of side  is called stringer strake.
• Which connects the sheer strake.

Parallel middle body ?

• The mid ship which remains constant in shape size and area through the length of the ship is called parallel middle body.

Entrance?

• Immersed portion of the forward region of parallel middle body.

Run ?

• Immersed portion of the aft region of parallel middle body.

Garboard strake ?

• The strake next to the keel is known as garboard strake.(stbd & port)

Stealers strake ?

• No of adjusent strake fitted in bow region .

Coffin plate ?

• Plating which connects flate plate keel to stern frame is called coffin plate.(aft)

Shoe plate?

• Plating which connects the flate plate keel to stem frame is called shoe plate.(forward)

Frame spacing?

• Its a space between two transverse frames.

Strake ?

• Continuous bond of hull plate on ship  

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NAVAL TERMS PART 1 MEO class4 orals

 NAVAL TERMS PART 1

Length over all (loa)?

• Greatest length of the ship, measured from forward extreme to aft extreme.

Lenth between perpendicular?

• Distance measured from aft perpendicular to forward perpendicular.

Forward perpendicular?

• The summer load water line cut the stem in one point that point is called forward perpendicular.

Aft perpendicular?

• The summer load water line cut the aft of the rudder post. That point is called aft perpendicular.

Breadth extreme?

• The greatest breadth  of the ship measured from outside if the ship's shell.

Breadth module?

• The distance measured from inside of the ship's shell.

Depth extreme?

• The distance measured from top of the deck to bottom of the keel.

Depth module.?

• The distance measured from bottom of the deck to top of the keel.

Draught extreme?

• The distance measured from water line to top the deck.

Draught module?

• The distance measured from water line to bottom of the deck.

Free board?

• Distance from waterline to top of the deck.

Camber ?

• The transverse curve of the deck fromm center line  to side shells.
• Purpose is to drive the water outside.

Sheer?

• The curvature if the deck from mid ship to forward and aft.
• Forward is more higher than aft . For sea worthiness.

Rise of floor?

• The bottom shells of the ship  is slightly slipped from keel to bilge.

Bilge keel?

• The curvature of the arc from bilge to keel.

Tumble home?

• For some ship's side shells are slightly inverted facing centre line this is called tumble home.

Flare?

• Opposite to tumble home 
• Outside curvature if the side shells, for present in the forward region of the ship. 
• INCREASE BUOYANCY
• ALLOW THE ANCHOR.

Displacement?

• Mass of the ship is equal to the mass if the volume if water displaced.

Tpc- tonnage per centimetres?

• Mass required by the ship is to increase it mean draught by one centimetre.

Metacentric height?

• Distance between g and m.

What is metacentric?

•  When a ship is heels, the centre of buoyancy and centre of gravity moves latterly, that new point at which draw the imaginary vertical line. It will cut the original line that point is called metacentric.

Water plan area of co-efficient?

• The ratio of water plane area  to the product of length and breadth of the ship.

Mid ship section area of co-efficient?

• The ratio of immersed portion og the mid ship yo the product of breadth and drought.

Black coefficient?

• The ratio of underwater volume of the ship to the product of rectangular having some length draught and breadth.

Prismatic coefficient?

• The ratio of volume of displacement at a certain draught to the product of length and area of cross section at mid ship.

Shell expansion plan ?

• Is the 2d diagram of 3d surface og ship's hull.

Wetted surface area?

• Is the area of the ship's hull and other things attached (like propeller rudder) its the wetted surface area.

Center of gravity?

• It is a point complete ship's weight may act.

Center of buoyancy?

• Its is the point complete upthrust force may act.

Propeller pitch?

• One revolution of the shaft in which the propeller may moves forward in certain distance.

Diameter if the propeller?

• The dia of the propeller is a circular which cut the tip of tha blades.

CHOCKS AND HOLDING DOWN BOLTS MEO CLASS4

 CHOCKS & HOLDING DOWN BOLTS  is used fix the bef plate to the tank top.

Functions:- 

• any variation in tank top will not affected to engine, 
• To avoid the misalignment of engine.
• End chock will absorb vibration and noise of engine & trust.
• Side chock absorb unbalanced forces due to the rotating parts of engine.

MATERIALS.

• CAST IRON
• EPOXY RESIN (mostly used)

Cast iron

•  Required experts for installation.
• And high expensive

Epoxy resin 

• Cost effective
• Non corrosive
• 100% contact even rough surface.

Fixing of EPOXY RESIN chocks.

• Clean the surface
• Prepare chocks mixture
• Prepare die or dam for chocks 
• Fix holding down bolts, And power mixture around the insert the bolts 
• Note the temperature of the mixture (not more than 25°c)
• Tight the holding down bolts with hydraulic jack with required pressure.
• Dry upto 48hours.

BED PLATE MEO CLASS4

 Bed plates are in foundation of engine, and which is responsible for strength a d rigidity of other components of engine.

Material 

FABRICATED STEEL 

Forces acting on bed plate 

• GAS PRESSURE
• INERTIA FORCE OF MOVING PARTS
• HULL DEFLECTION.
• THERMAL STRESS 

Mitsubishi selfjector G series sludge discharge mechanism

 

NEW AMMENDMENTS MMD ORALS

 Ballast water management:

•  Must have approved ballast water management plan.
• Approved ballast water treatment plant.
• Must carry ballast water record book 
• International ballast water management certificate.
• Must install ballast water treatment plant.

Mlc2006

•  SEAFARERS employment agreement.
• Payment of wages.
• Ship board harassment 
• Health and safety of SEAFARERS.

Solas and marpol.

• Data consumption system for fuel oil on ship more than 500gt and above.
• BND every bunker specified the sulphur content.
• Inclusion of BALTIC SEA and North sea into ECA nox area.
• Global sulphur limit. 0.5mass/mass
• Energy efficiency design index.
• Maintain electronic record book.
• Blatic sea special area for passanger ship annx4
• Passanger ship must be fitted with RRS (release and retrieve system)
• All ship must have communication instruments. Designed for fire fighting team atleast 2 for each fire party.
• Audible alarm device notify low level air pressure in scba .
• 135 letter extinguishers not required for BOILER. Which is protected with local fire fighting System.
• Helicopter area must be protected with foam application system.
• application code on noise level onboard  ship.
• Ammendment to damage stability requirements.
• Damage control drills on passanger ship 
• Digital mobile satelite system.
• Control and discharge of  RESIDUALS of NOXIOUS LIQUID substance.

Crank case safety arrangements

 

Basic rules of crank case Safety arrangements

• Crank case and inspection door should be exhibiting strengthen construction.
• Should be fitted with one or more non return  relief  valves in each cylinder of crank case. And these valve should be arranged as their outlets protected from flame discharge in case of explosion 
• Total clear area  through the relif valves should not less than 9.30cm2/m3 gross crankcase volume.
• If engine is  not more 300mm cylinder bore with strongly constructed crankcase. 
• If such engine not more than 150mm cylinder bore. No needs to fitted with relief valves.
• Lub oil drains pipe from the sump to drain tank must be extended to well below the working oil level in the tank.
• If multiple engine installation. Drain and vent  arranged  so that flame of explosion can't pass from one engine to another engine.
• Diaphragm must be fitted near mid length to prevent the passage of flame.if the engine having more than 6 cylinder. 

Centrifugal pump troubleshooting

 Doesn't Deliver liquid

•  Priming liquid is insufficient.
• Pump speed is insufficient.
• Discharge pressure is excessive
• Direction of rotation is wrong
• Suction line ruptured
• Pressure loss in suction.

Insufficient capacity, crackling noise from the pump casing,

• Air leaking in suction line 
• Pump speed is insufficient
• Suction lift is excessive
• Clogged in impeller passage
• Worn wearing or impeller or stuffing box packing or sleeves 

Doesn't develop enough discharge pressure

• Speed of the pump is insufficient.
• Air or gas in the liquid being pumped.
• Mechanical defects such as worn in wear rings or Leak in seals , impeller damage,

Working for while and suddenly fails to deliver liquid

• Air leaking in suction line .
• Air leaking in stuffing box
• clogged water seal passage.

MOTOR NAME PLATE DETAILS MMD ORALS

1.  Rated full load current.
2. Ip number (indicated the degree of protection)
3. Rated speed.
4. Rated frequency
5. Rated voltage
6. Power rating
7. Type 
8. 3phase indication motor 
9. Connection (delta)
10. Weight
11. Serial number
12. Bearing (drive end non drive end)