MARINERS VOICE

Cylinder oil  Lube oil for diesel generator and main engine Air compressor (synthetic oil) Hydraulic oil for steering gear and winches Gear oil  for reduction gear and purifier Intermediate shaft  oil Stern tube oil Life boat oil and Rescue boat oil Governor oil Davit launch oil hydraulic oil Refer . compressor oil A/c . compressor oil Fifi Clutch oil Heavy fuel oil  Marine diesel oil

Bunker tank Fresh  water tank  Sludge tank Oily bilge tank Cargo tank  Double bottom tank  Sewage holding tank Lube oil storage tank  Bilge holding tank  Scavenge drain tank Expansion tank Hydrophore tank  Caseket tank cylinder oil storage tank Stern tube aft and forward seal tank Oily mist tank (chamber) Ballast tank Wing tank copper dam tank steering gear oil store tank Settling and service tank (H.F.O AND M.D.O) Hydraulic  oil  storage tank Waste oil tank

Chief  engineer received a mail from company.In that mail,how much tonnes are taken at which port and which oil (H.F.O OR D.O) are mentioned.  Chief engineer organized tool box meeting for bunkering. In this meeting duties are discussed with as Ass.4th engineer,which tank to be empty.Make sure bunker tank should be 90% of tank capacity. On the day of bunkering first of all fill the bunker checklist. Bunkering tank and overflow tank to be empty. Then shut all the storage tank valve. Stop the purifier. H.F.O and D.O transfer pump. Bunker barge  are arrived. Bunker barge should be secured with ship. Bunker survey will check all the sounding in E.C.R.It should be note. And heel,list and temperature are noted. Bunker survey and 4th engineer are do the same procedure on barge also.especially temperature and density should be noted. Make the proper communication with bunker barge and emergency sign should be discussed. Bunker connection is made with bunker manifold and  in between the samplin

 BUNKERING  PURIFIER OVERHAUL  AND MAINTENANCE COMPRESSOR  MAINTENANCE TAKING SOUNDING OF STORAGE TANKS ROUTINE ROUNDS OF ECR  CHECKING OF LSA & FFA MAINTENANCE OF LIFEBOAT IF WE ARE IN TANKER ,MAKE THE PLANT READY AND RUN THE C.O.P.T INVENTORY  AND  PMS MAINTENANCE ASSISTANT WITH CHIEF ENGINEER AND 2^ND ENGINEER kindly drop your comments

Low Boiling Point (for easy system start). High Enthalpy of vaporization ( to gain more heat from the evaporator). Low Condensing Pressure (easy condensing). Less specific volume in vapor state (to accommodate less space in line). High Critical Temp (temperature above which vapor cannot be condensed). Non Corrosive (system loving) Non Solvent (to oil and impurities) Non Miscible (to lub oil (possible to a certain extent)). Non Flammable (for obvious reasons). Non Explosive (Obviously). Non Toxic Easy Leak Detection (by odor or color). Cheap and Easily available. Environment Friendly.

 1. Turning Gear - Double cage induction motor, 2. Life boat starting motor - Cranking motor solenoid control 3. Emergency generator- cranking motor solenoid control or Hydraulic accumulator starter motor 4. Purifier - 3phase induction motor  5. Windlass & winches - electric- two speed control, pole changing motor & Hydraulic windlass - Hydraulic windlass  6. Air compressor - 3phase induction motor  7. Bilge pump - 3 phase induction motor  8. Fire pump - 3phase induction motor  9. Governor - DC motor ( isochronous governor) 10. Bow thruster - 3 phase induction motor ( with soft starter)

PRECAUTIONS: Some chemicals produce toxic gases, hence carryout ventilation while using such chemicals, Use protective clothing while cleaning chemicals and barrier creams which may help to protect the skin may be applied, A chemical from an un_labelled container should never be used unless uts identify has been positively established, Chemical should always be handled with utmost care,eyes and skin should be protected from accidental exposure or contact, Manufacturer or supplier's advice on the correct use of chemicals  should always be followed, Chemical should not be mixed unless is it known that the dangerous reaction will not be caused. Carbon tetra chloride should not be used for cleaning electrical equipments, because of the High toxicity of its vapours, A record (Product data sheet) should (when obtainable) be kept on board, available to all users, containing sufficient information to determine the degree of the danger posed by the substance, Exposure to certain substance s

  RULES & SAFETY PRECAUTIONS   Vessel shall have atleast four independent power pumps connected to mains, ballast, sanitary One such pump should be remote operated  pump should be of self priming type, Each pimp should have a direct suction, Main circulation pump should have a direct suction with non return valve, Bilge pipes should not be led through oil tanks or double bottom tanks. Bilge valves should be non return valve, Emergency bilge system should be separated from main system, Bilge pipes should be provided with mud boxes and strum boxes, Sounding pipes where provided are to be as straight as possible, Bilges should never be pumped out directly into sea, Bilges should be pumped via oily bilge separator, Never pump out bilges without the permission of chief engineer, Please drop your comments here in Comments box.

  STARTING PROCEDURE check the air bottle pressure and drain  the air bottle for any condensate moisture. Open air  bottle filling  valve. Open compressor air discharge valve, Check compressor sump oil level, Open compressor air cooler cooling water inlet and outlet valves, Purge out cooling water area -jacket etc, Open drain valve of each stage, Crank the compressor by hand a couple of times. Make sure compressor body is free from any other foreign materials,  Start the compressor, RUNNING CHECKS: close the air cooler air side stages drain valves, starting from 1st stage. Check compressor lub oil pressure and cooling water pressure, Drain each stage cooler and air bottle at regular intervals of 5 mints. Check crankcase and all stages coolers for over heating, Check for any abnormal sounds, Check the air pressure and air temperature of air receiver and every stage of compressor. STOPPING PROCEDURE: when air bottle attained the required pressure Open the air cooler drain valves (startin

  Valves: Manifold valves Tank valves  Drop valves  Crossover valves  Where its fitted   Manifold Valves: These valves which are constructed in lines flow to the connecting flanges. Master valves: At each line where a fore and aft pipe lines passes through a tank sich hand operated valve is fitted in the line, these are known as master valves. Tank valves: The Valve which is  close to each bell mouth is located as valve which controls the flow of oil into and out of the tank. Drop valves:  Each main line has one or two drop lines and drop valves control the flow of oil in those line. Crossover valves: Athwart ship tank line joining the line are known as a crossover lines and the crossover valves separating the main line from other as well as separating individual tanks.

 Switch on the electrical motor  Wait ror 10-15 mint for the purifier to reach it's operational speed (check the ammeter for load on the motor,the current will reduce once the the purifier reached it's operational rpm) Supply sea water( sealing water) by open the sea water line valve. Check the water outlet of purifier, if the water seal is formed. Now close the sea water valve (sealing water) Supply the oil into purifier (through the heater if it is heavy oil or lub oil) Open the operating water line,and keep the line on,. Now purifier is in operation, absorb the oil delivery through the oil line by looking at the sight glass. SLUDGE OUT PROCEDURE. Close the supply of fuel (also heater) Form the seal. Open de-sludge water by opening the valve. When you hear the hissing noise and see the loas on the motor while high,  shut the de-sludging valve.  That means de-sludging  has been carried out. Now absorb for the motor to be in it's normal load this means the purifier is ready

 Major accommodation fire occur in gallery while cooking. Incase of fire in oil pan  Use fire blanket to extinguish the fire  Incase of electrical fire. Isolate the electrical supply. Use portable co2 extinguisher. If fire intensity is high. If its not extinguished by fire blanket or co2 portable fire extinguisher.  Switch off the galley supply and exhaust fan. And pull the emergency lever to shut off exhaust hood ventilation, Which will placed in galley or entrance of galley. Close the galley door. Rise the fire alarm, from nearest call point. Inform the bridge or ship office incase ship is in port.. Confirm the galley entrace door and ventilation  and electrical supply is shut off. Release the fixed fire fighting System if installed there. Otherwise use water and portable extinguisher to fight the fire .. Please write your comments below the comments box.

  MARPOL ANNEX 2 REGULATION FOR CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCE IN BULK . APPLICABLE TO: ship which carrying noxious liquid substance and chemicals In bulk, NOT APPLICABLE TO: Harmful substances carried in any kind of package. Liquid substance and chemicals which are carried in bulk annex 2 came into force on 6th April 1987, Carriage of chemical covers under two main conventions. SOLAS CHAPTER 7 MARPOL ANNEX 2 both of the conventions required chemical tankers which are buit after 1st July 1986 to comply with international bulk chemical code  IBC (INTERNATIONAL BULK CHEMICAL CODE) IBC CODE booklet carried all ships which carrying chemicals and noxious liquid substance in bulk by sea. It contains  some safety standards  which are to be maintained while carriage of dangerous chemicals and noxious liquid substance in bulk. It also sets out minimum design and construction of these vessel. Ibc code contain complete list of chemicals and their environment hazard rating, Asper

  4stroke fuel injector overhauling Remove the cap nut  Remove the lock nut and adjusting screw, Remove the nozzle retaining nut. Now Remove the nozzle and distance piece Remove the dowel pin. Remove the push rod  and spring and spring seat. Remove the needle from Nozzle. Now clean the parts  And reassemble.

 2 stroke fuel injector overhauling. Remove the 'o' rings  Remove the valve holder and valve head, Slack the union nut  Now valve head come separately Remove the trust spindle. Remove the spring and spring seat. Remove the trust foot. Remove the spindle guide and nozzls. Now clean the parts  And assemble properly.

  Lubrication oil properties of refrigeration compressor? Should have low floc point  Should have low pour point. Should not react with REFRIGERANT Stability Defoaming character. Dielectric strength. How will you select REFRIGERANT ? High critical temperature Low critical PRESSURE Latent head of vaporization Eco friendly.

  Refrigeration Reduce the temperature of the space is called refrigeration. Air conditioning   It control the temperature and humidity in the space together with circulation, And filtering and refreshing the air. Ventilation? Circulation and refreshing of ir in the spce without changing of temperature.

  NAVAL TERMS PART 2 WAKE? Wake is the motion of water at stern of the ship is because of ship's movement. Longitudinal center of floatation? It is a point about which trim will change when loading and unloading. Net tonnage? It is the volume of all spaces where cargo is loaded. Gross tonnage? It is the total volume of enclosed spaces in ship. Light weight? Mass of the empty ship without any effect (cargo,fuel,water,crew) Dead weight? Total weight of cargo fuel, water, crew except ship's weight. Permeability? Percentage of empty volume  in a ship. Buoyancy? Upthrust force applied by the water to the ship. Reserve buoyancy? Volume of enclosed space above the water line. Fresh water allowance? When a ship moves from sea water to fresh water there will be increasing draught. Docking allowance? When a ship is moving sea water to docking water there will be  increasing draught. Propeller pitch ratio? Its a face pitch divide by diameter. Slip? The difference between the speed of the

  NAVAL TERMS PART 1 Length over all (loa)? Greatest length of the ship, measured from forward extreme to aft extreme. Lenth between perpendicular? Distance measured from aft perpendicular to forward perpendicular. Forward perpendicular? The summer load water line cut the stem in one point that point is called forward perpendicular. Aft perpendicular? The summer load water line cut the aft of the rudder post. That point is called aft perpendicular. Breadth extreme? The greatest breadth  of the ship measured from outside if the ship's shell. Breadth module? The distance measured from inside of the ship's shell. Depth extreme? The distance measured from top of the deck to bottom of the keel. Depth module.? The distance measured from bottom of the deck to top of the keel. Draught extreme? The distance measured from water line to top the deck. Draught module? The distance measured from water line to bottom of the deck. Free board? Distance from waterline to top of the deck. Camber

  CHOCKS & HOLDING DOWN BOLTS  is used fix the bef plate to the tank top. Functions:-  any variation in tank top will not affected to engine,  To avoid the misalignment of engine. End chock will absorb vibration and noise of engine & trust. Side chock absorb unbalanced forces due to the rotating parts of engine. MATERIALS . CAST IRON EPOXY RESIN (mostly used) Cast iron  Required experts for installation. And high expensive Epoxy resin  Cost effective Non corrosive 100% contact even rough surface. Fixing of EPOXY RESIN chocks . Clean the surface Prepare chocks mixture Prepare die or dam for chocks  Fix holding down bolts, And power mixture around the insert the bolts  Note the temperature of the mixture (not more than 25°c) Tight the holding down bolts with hydraulic jack with required pressure. Dry upto 48hours.

  Bed plates are in foundation of engine, and which is responsible for strength a d rigidity of other components of engine. Material   FABRICATED STEEL  Forces acting on bed plate   GAS PRESSURE INERTIA FORCE OF MOVING PARTS HULL DEFLECTION. THERMAL STRESS 

 

  Ballast water management:  Must have approved ballast water management plan. Approved ballast water treatment plant. Must carry ballast water record book  International ballast water management certificate. Must install ballast water treatment plant. Mlc2006  SEAFARERS employment agreement. Payment of wages. Ship board harassment  Health and safety of SEAFARERS. Solas and marpol . Data consumption system for fuel oil on ship more than 500gt and above. BND every bunker specified the sulphur content. Inclusion of BALTIC SEA and North sea into ECA nox area. Global sulphur limit. 0.5mass/mass Energy efficiency design index. Maintain electronic record book. Blatic sea special area for passanger ship annx4 Passanger ship must be fitted with RRS (release and retrieve system) All ship must have communication instruments. Designed for fire fighting team atleast 2 for each fire party. Audible alarm device notify low level air pressure in scba . 135 letter extinguishers not required for BOILER.

  Basic rules of crank case Safety arrangements Crank case and inspection door should be exhibiting strengthen construction. Should be fitted with one or more non return  relief  valves in each cylinder of crank case. And these valve should be arranged as their outlets protected from flame discharge in case of explosion  Total clear area  through the relif valves should not less than 9.30cm2/m3 gross crankcase volume. If engine is  not more 300mm cylinder bore with strongly constructed crankcase.  If such engine not more than 150mm cylinder bore. No needs to fitted with relief valves. Lub oil drains pipe from the sump to drain tank must be extended to well below the working oil level in the tank. If multiple engine installation. Drain and vent  arranged  so that flame of explosion can't pass from one engine to another engine. Diaphragm must be fitted near mid length to prevent the passage of flame.if the engine having more than 6 cylinder. 

  Doesn't Deliver liquid  Priming liquid is insufficient. Pump speed is insufficient. Discharge pressure is excessive Direction of rotation is wrong Suction line ruptured Pressure loss in suction. Insufficient capacity, crackling noise from the pump casing, Air leaking in suction line  Pump speed is insufficient Suction lift is excessive Clogged in impeller passage Worn wearing or impeller or stuffing box packing or sleeves  Doesn't develop enough discharge pressure Speed of the pump is insufficient. Air or gas in the liquid being pumped. Mechanical defects such as worn in wear rings or Leak in seals , impeller damage, Working for while and suddenly fails to deliver liquid Air leaking in suction line . Air leaking in stuffing box clogged water seal passage.

 Rated full load current. Ip number (indicated the degree of protection) Rated speed. Rated frequency Rated voltage Power rating Type  3phase indication motor  Connection (delta) Weight Serial number Bearing (drive end non drive end)

440v Earth fault is considered as a emergency onboard  For some ships have trips for 440v earth faults. For 3000v and  above its mandatory to to fit the trip protection against earth fault. How to find the earth fault in 440v? When you hear the earth fault alarm, inform the electrical officer if he is board. Check the alarm, sometimes false alarm will rise. Test the alarm using test button, Or if we have integrated automation system, we can check by  software. Now isolate the whole 440v system (but its not possible to isolate 440v, is because some machinery can not we isolate like steering gear & lub oil pumps.  So we can use standby options.  Keep checking on the system one by one, we will find the earth fault machinery. HOW WILL YOU FIND THE EARTH FAULT IN 220 V?  For 220 v earth fault is not consider the major emergency onboard. But any way we have to find the faulty lighting circuit. First of all check the alarm which is working properly or not using test button. Then isolate t

  Types of fuses  High reputuring  capacity fuses. Cartridge fuse  Semi enclosed fuse. SURVIVER MAY ASK HOW WILL YOU ORDER FUSES?   CURRENT RATING VOLTAGE BREAKING CAPACITY FUSE TYPE  FREQUENCY PRODUCT TYPE.

 MCB - Miniature circuit breaker- 5- 50 amp MCCB -  moduled case circuit breaker 50-1500amp ACB - Air Circuit breaker- 400-2000amps Acb safeties   Arc runner arc chutes  Breaker open fast before taking out acb  Simultaneous closing of all 3 units of each phase. Breaking speed as High as possible.

  Types of starters? Dol (direct online starter)-  (5hp) Star delta starter- (5 hp to 20 hp) Auto Transformer - (20 hp to 50hp) Soft starter - (above 50hp) Where its used onboard? Dol  starter Boiler feed pump  Circulating pump  Gear pump  Bilge pump  Fwg distilled pump  Stern lub oil pump.   Star delta starter  Jcw pump (HT and LT) Ballast pump  Sea water pump. Auto Transformer Bow thruster  M/e lo pump  Soft starter Washing machine  Spring drier  Grinder.

WHAT IS WELDING TRANSFORMER?  IT IS A STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER USED TO REDUCE THE VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 15V - 45V TO PRODUCE THE CURRENT OF 200- 600AMPS IN SECONDARY WINDING, PRIMARILY WINDING->THIN WIRE AND MORE TURN(BECAUSE LOW CURRENT THIN WIRE CAN CARRY) SECONDARY WINDING ->THICK WIRE LESS TURN(HIGH CURRENT IS PROVIDED) CONSTRUCTION OF WELDING TRANSFORMER? It is a auto Transformer It has a magnetic field core with primary winding which is thin wire and large number if turn. A secondary winding with less turn thick wire. Due to this arrangement its a step down Transformer. So we get less voltage and high current output. DC WELDING TRANSFORMER  is also same working like ac welding Transformer. But in dc welding Transformer rectifier is provided to convert ac, in out put of   secondary winding. Also connect a indictor or filter to get the smooth dc current, This is the construction of welding Transformer. (Please check  the image) Working of welding Transformer? Its is the step dow

  Reason is simple, SURVIVER MAY ASK WHY WE CAN'T SYNCHRONISE SHORE SUPPLY AND GENERATOR ? Both have different frequencies or voltage, While ship's GENERATOR is running we can't close the shore supply circuit breaker, is because interlocking is provided.

  It will reduce the strength of the crankshaft. May possible to occur crack or failure So we drill the hole in a/e Engines. For main engine we use semi build crank shaft .- web and crank pin both are single oice  For a/e engine we use forged crank shaft- its fully moulded type.good fatigue strength.

CYLINDER COOLING/JACKET COOLING FUEL VALVE COOLING PISTON COOLING CHARGE AIR COOLING CYLINDER COOLING/ JACKET COOLING   FRESH WATER OR DISTILLED WATER WILL BE USE . IT WILL INCORPORATED COOLING OF TURBINES IN TURBOCHARGER ENGINE AND EXHAUST VALVE COOLING. FUEL VALVE COOLING FRESH WATER WILL BE USED, IT WILL BE THE SEPARATE SYSTEM  PISTON COOLING USE MAY BE FRESH WATER LUBRICATION OIL OR DISTILLED WATER. IF OIL IS USED IN THIS SYSTEM, ITS GENERALLY COMMON WITH LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM. CHARGE AIR COOLING SEA WATER WILL BE USED IN THIS SYSTEM  

 Battery Rating: Ampere-hour Battery capacity is usually rated in terms of it's discharge at the 10 hour rate. Example: A 300Amps battery would be expected to provide 30Amps for 10 hours. 

1.Providing proper ventilation inside the compartment.  Independent exhaust fan provided [Non-sparking type; should not produce static charge] Inlet duct should be below battery level. Outlet duct top of the compartment.  [Both batteries emit Hydrogen. Hydrogen is lighter than air. It accumulate on top of  the compartment]  2.By preventing any source of ignition.  No smoking; No naked flames. Battery room lighting must be flame proof (Ex d) Room temperature to be maintained between 15°C-25°C  Battery should never be placed in emergency switchboard room. [chances of sparking due to arching of circuit breakers]  Maintenance tools must be rubberized coating to prevent accidental short circuit.  No metal jugs for filling distilled water inside batteries. Cables should be adequate size and well connected.

Cell tops must be kept clean and dry in order to reduce the risk of corrosion and electrical leakage. Terminals should be kept tight, clean and free of any deposits. The connectors can be coated with petroleum jelly. The cables should be examined from time to time for signs of corrosion. Electrolyte level should be checked and topped up with distilled water to cover the electrodes. Gas vent in the cells should be kept free from blockage by dirt or in case of alkaline batteries from crystallized electrolyte.  Pure distilled water should only be used for topping up. Specific gravity should be measured and temperature correction should be applied. A weekly log of critical parameters to be maintained.  Voltage reading of each cell should be taken while the current is actually flowing. [the voltage of battery on an open circuit is however rather misleading] First aid treatment should be understood and first aid equipment must be available at all times. 

Both batteries emit Hydrogen gas.So no naked lights allowed. Battery is stored in well ventilated room. Battery room should be clean and dry. No smoking board to be displayed. Paint work in room should be acid and alkaline resistance. Acid cells should never be placed near Alkaline cells. Never use Lead-acid batterymaintenance gear to Alkaline battery. Use proper PPE. Insulated spanner should be used to prevent accidental short circuit and may cause spark. First aid equipment should be kept near battery room. Never use the thermometer to measure electrolyte temperature. Accidental damage of thermometer cause explosion. 

Battery room  should be well ventilated, clean and dry. Both type batteries generate gas during charging. So, No smoking, Naked flames in the vicinity of batteries. Steel work and decks adjacent to lead acid batteries should be covered with acid resisting paint and alkali resisting paint used near Ni-Cd cells. Acid cells must never be placed near alkaline cells. Never use Lead-Acid battery maintenance gear to Alkaline battery installation or vice-versa.(e.g Hydrometer, topping up bottle,etc.,)

  MEO CLASS4  25/03/2021 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Crank case explosion Main engine one unit exhaust temperature is increased ,what PARAMETERS will you Check,what will be ur action, what can be the reason? BOILER MOUNTINGS AIR IN THE REFER COMPRESSOR,HOW WILL YOU FIND AND WHAT WILL BE THE ACTION. MAIN BEARING AND BOTTOM END BEARING CLEARANCE CRANK CASE EXPLOSION HOW IT WILL HAPPEN? TO MUCH CLEARANCE BETWEEN BEARINGS, OIL FLIMS MAY BREAKDOWN  DIAPHRAGM IS NOT SEALING PROPELY PISTON CROWN IS BROKEN, EXHAUST GAS MAY LEAK TO CRANK CASE, CIRCULATING LUBRICATION OIL NOT PROPER. ENGINE CHAIN DRIVE IS TOO TIGHT. WHICH MAY LEADS TO HOT SPOT. GEARS DONT HAVE PROPER LUBRICATION. PRIMARY EXPLOSION? DUE TO ANY ABOVE REASON HOT SPOT WILL CREATE. WHEN LUBRICATION OIL CONTACT WITH HOTSPOT  OIL BECOMES VAPOUR, AGAIN VAPOUR WILL COME AND  CONTACT WITH THE HOTSPOT, PRIMARY EXPLOSION WILL HAPPENED. SECONDARY EXPLOSION? AFTER THE PRIMARY EXPLOSION, PRESSURE WILL INCREASED INSIDE THE CRANKCASE. NOW CRANKCASE RE

Atomisation: Break up of the liquid fuel into a minute vapour mist. Factors affecting Atomisation :   small orifices of the injector. pressure difference between fuel line and cylinder. Temperature, mass flow rate and viscosity of the fuel. Effect of too high atomisation - After burning Very small fuel particles will not have enough kinetic energy to go through the whole combustion space. Fuel droplets gather near the fuel injector due to resistance from the dense compressed air.  Hence, they will be starved during combustion and after burning will take place. Effect of too low atomisation - Poor combustion  Larger fuel droplets will possess more kinetic energy and get deposited on the liner wall. This causes after burning and poor combustion. Carbon deposits will be seen on the liner walls, side of the piston crown and piston rings.

Boiler water tests: Alkalinity test. [a.Phenopthelin (P) alkalinity test  b.Total (T) alkalinity test ] Chloride test Excess phosphate test pH test  Amerzine test (Hydrazine test) Conductivity test (total dissolve solids test)  Hardness test Purpose of Boiler water Test: To ensure that proper chemical treatment are maintained at all time. To detect the presence of contaminants in the water that may damage the boiler and feed system. How to collect water sample for test? Test sample must be cooled to 25°C with the help of sample cooler. Allow sufficient water to flow through sample line before taking the sample, this will clear it from sedimentation. Let the water overflow from sample bottle to prevent air being trapped. Keep the bottle air tight for testing. If sample is colored or turbid, filter paper should be used for testing. Try to take sample  from same point. Try to avoid the sample to contact with air,  this will change the dissolved Oxygen content. Alkalinity test:   This is t

 Reasons:  Generator lost its residual magnetism. Faulty synchroscope. Faulty Air Circuit Breaker. Loss connection of Automatic Voltage Regulator. (exciter circuit may be open) Faulty power cable. Frequency and Voltage not matching with busbar.

 Brushless alternator  Number of phases : 3 output: 937.5 KVA  volts:  450V  frequency: 60Hz  RPM: 720rpm Insulation : Armature 'F' class  Rating: CONT Power factor:  0.8  Number of pole: 10  Amps: 1203A  Field: F'class  Excitation phase: 3 Excitation output: 21.7KVA  Excitation p.f: 0.95 Exciatation frequency: 84Hz Excitation No. of poles: 4  Excitation volts: 112V  Excitation Amp: 112V  Prime mover: Diesel engine  (this is jz one of the example of  alternator specification. surveyor may ask this specification rarely and he will ask cross  questions about insualtion and its class,power generation, power factor ) 

 Upon 1 hr. notice: Stop FWG and shut valves. Change over to high sea suction. Soot blow Auxiliary boiler, check firing amd put on auto mode. Check all air compressors oil level and put on auto mode. Charge both air bottles and drain any water from bottles and air dryer.  Shut and lock bilge overboard valve and hand over key to cheif engineer. Ensure that all bilge suction valves are shut, however not locked. [Thr security seals may be used to avoid inadvertent opening of any bilge suction valve] Start additional generator for power to mooring machinery, thrusters, deck  water, etc., Shut steam to D.B F.O.T's. Put on sewage plant and changeover valves.  At standby start additional generator as required. At standby record M/E counter, flowmeter readings, L.O sump and cyl. oil tank levels. Ensure adequate manpower available for arrival port. At FWE (finish with engine) Take over control from bridge to ECR and stop auxiliary blower. Open indiactor cocks and engage turning gear. Turn M

 check M/E preheat temperature maintained between 60° - 70°C. Check L.O p/p pr. and temp. within normal parameters. Check crosshead L.O p/p pr. and current within normal parameters. Check JCW p/p pr. and current within normal parameters. Check M/E fuel pr. and viscosity/ temperature. Check all standby pumps selected and reset repose switch. Check control air/Exh. v/v spring air pr. normal. Check Exh. Boiler circulating p/p running and pr. normal. Check stern tube L.O p/p running; pr. normal and sump level OK. Check all air compressors oil level and put on Auto mode. Charge both air bottles and drain water to air bottles and dryer. Confirm M/E L.O sump level normal. Check M/E T/Cs and governor oil levels normal. Check F.O purifier, service tank and drain tank levels. Check L.O purifier running normal. Check steering gear and confirms oil levels normal. Complete all steering gear check with bridge. Start 2nd generator or standby generator and take on load and put necessary breakers ON. T

Back pressure low alarm and shut down Back pressure high alarm and  shut down Feed pressure low alarm and shut down High oil temperature alarm and shut down Low oil temperature alarm and shut down Heavy phase overflow (purifier abnormal alarm will come) Low sealing water pressure  Bowl not open (detected by a current sensing relay) water in oil (detected by transducer)

 Safety valve Pressure gauge Easing gear Air vent Water level indicators (Boiler control panel & ECR panel) Boiler gauge glass Low water level alarm Low low water level alarm and shut down (Trip) High water level alarm Low F.O pressure alarm Low F.O temperature alarm (Trip) High F.O temperature alarm (Trip) Low steam drum pressure alarm  High steam drum pressure alarm (Trip) Forced draught fan stop alarm Flame failure alarm Smoke density high alarm  Note: surveyor will ask what are alarms and what are trips 

Drain valve Unloader  Bursting Disc (Copper disc)  Fusible plug (50% Bi, 30% Tin, 20% Pb) Relief valve L.O low pressure alarm and trip Jacket Cooling water High temperature trip Jacket water no-flow trip High air temperature trip Motor overload trip

Flame trap (at joint where manifold to each cylinder starting line) Bursting disc cap or relief valve Automatic shut-off master valve Non-return start air valves Drain cock in the manifold and at other parts Drain cock before shut-off valve Temperature sensors and pressure gauges  Running direction and turning gear engaged interlocks to prevent accidental starting

Overspeed trip  Emergency manual trip L.O low pressure trip Camshaft L.O low pressure trip Thrust bearing high temperature trip Main bearing high temperature trip JCW low pressure slow down alarm Piston cooling water low pressure slow down alarm Main engine fuel leak tank alarm  Sump oil level low alarm Spring air pressure low with starting air valve system line. OMD-alarm  Scavenge fire alarm  

Thermometer Pressure gauge Dip stick crankcase door relief valve cylinder head relief valve F.O low pressure alarm L.O low pressure alarm and trip L.O high temperature alarm Cooling F.W high temperature alarm Cooling F.W low pressure trip Fuel leak tank alarm Starting air pressure low alarm Exhaust gas high temperature alarm  Windings high temperature alarm Pedestal bearing high temperature alarm Overspeed trip Reverse power relay

Main Engine (Auto Slowdown) Oil mist high density Scavenge air box fire Main L.O low pressure Cylinder cooling F.W low pressure Cylinder L.O non-flow Cylinder cooling F.W high temperature Piston cooling oil high temperature Stern tube bearing high temperature  Thrust bearing segment high temperature Exhaust gas outlet high temperature/high deviation Exhaust Gas Economizer high temperature Exhaust Gas Economizer water non-flow

Crankcase relief door Scavenge space relief door  starting air line relief valve cylinder head relief valve Flame trap Oil Mist Detector Running direction interlock Turning gear interlock

Em'cy lighting Navigational lights Fire detection and alarming system Internal communication equipment Daylight signalling lamp and ship's whistle. 

Em'cy lighting to alley way/lifeboat embarkation deck/ engine room Navigational system steering gear Em'cy fire pump Em'cy air compressor Battery charging Fire detection and alarming system Radio equipment (communication equipment) Daylight signalling lamp and ship's whistle Navigation Aids General alarm Manual fire alarm  Watertight doors

 what is Em'cy switchboard? It is a switchboard which distributes emergency load that power is supplied from emergency generator during main switchboard failure. It has two sections. one for 440V another is 220V. Under normal conditions, 440V supply is taken from Engine Room MSB through a circuit breaker. when main power is lost, this circuit breaker is tripped (opened) Emergency generator comes into action and supplies power through another circuit breaker.  An interlock is given to prevent closing of both breakers simultaneously. Em'cy switchboard distribution: Em'cy bilge p/p (440V) sprinkler system (440V) one of the steering gear motor(440V) Navigation equipment.(220V) Radio Communication.(220V) Transformed and rectified supply to battery system (220V) Transitional em'cy power battery(em'cy lights for 30 mins) Low power DC system battery(Alarms and control system)

WHAT ARE THE REASON FOR PURIFIER OVERFLOW? INCORRECT DISC SIZE  TOO HIGH FUEL OIL TEMPERATURE  TOO MUCH FEED RATE  TOO MUCH SLUDGE I SIDE THE BOWEL LOW RPM OF THE BOWL SEALING WATER FAILURE OPERATING WATER FAILURE MAIN SEALING RING WORN OUT. WHAT ARE THE REASON FOR VIBRATION ON PURIFIER? TOO MUCH SLUDGE BEARING FAILURE FAILURE OF FOUNDATION BOLT GEAR WORN OUT  UNEVEN TOUCHING WITH FRICTION CLUTCH MOTOR SPEED IS TOO LOW OE TOO HIGH. WHY WE ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH RPM WHEN PURIFIER IS RUNNING? IMPROPER TOUCHING WITH FRICTION CLUTCH TOUCHING WITH BREAK EXCESSIVE SLUDGE IN SIDE THE PURIFIER BEARING FAILURE ONE PHASE POWER FAILURE MOTOR RUNNING OVERSPEED. SURVIVER WILL ASK YOU GOW TO CHANGE  THE PURIFIER HFO TO DO? REPLACE THE GRAVITY DISC  (WHICH IS SMALLER THAN HEAVY OIL) OPEN HEATER BYPASS VALVE  CLOSE THE HFO HEATER'S IN AND OUT VALVE  AND OPEN THE DRAIN VALVE OF HEATER. ( SOME PURIFIER DESIGN ONLY FOR DO WHICH WILL NOT CHANGEOVER TO HFO.) HOW WILL YOU ADJUST PURIFIER BOWEL HEIGHT? F

  Why we are using purifier in onboard? To avoid the sulphur corrosion To remove the water and sludge from the fuel oil  What are the causes of sulphur corrosion ? Liner worn out  Fuel injector worn out  Piston ring worn out  Difference between purifier and clarifier? Purifier    Remove the water and solid from the oil Two outlet on top, (one for dirty water one for oil) Gravity disc is provided. Blond disc is fitted on top of the stack Sealing water is required for starting  Lower disc have holes. Clarifier Remove the solid from the liquid  Only outlet for clean oil  No gravity disc  Blind disc on the bottom Lower disc has no holes  How do you change the purifier to clarifier? Remove the gravity disc Set the ind disc at bottom Shut the sealing water Water outlet also closed. Purpose of Gravity disc / dam ring ? It will set the interface line between the water and oil. Reason for multi disc provided in purifier? To separate the liquid into thin layers and it will create the shallow set

  CLASS A     FORMING AS A BULKHEADS DECKS  MADE OF STEEL OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL. ONE HOUR STANDARD FIRE TEST FOR PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF SMOKE AND FLAME. INSULATED BY NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ON  UNEXPLORED SIDE SHOULD NOT RISE ABOVE 139° C. POINT TEMPERATURE ABOVE 180°C A60 - 60 MINUTES A30 - 30 MINUTES A15 - 15 MINUTES A0 - 0 MINUTES CLASS B  FORMING BY A BULKHEADS DECKS AND CEILING AND LINING. 30 HOURS STANDARD FIRE TEST OF FLAME  UNEXPLORED TEMPERATURE 139°C ABOVE ORIGINAL POINT TEMPERATURE RISE MORE THAN 225°C  NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL  B15 - 15 MINUTES B0 - 0 MINUTES CLASS C    CONSTRUCTED AS A DECK  APPROVED BY SOLAS AND CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY AS A NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL. NOT REQUIRED TO STANDARD FIRE TEST.