TYPES OF STARTERS AND WHERE IT IS USED IN SHIP? MEOCLASS4

 Types of starters?

• Dol (direct online starter)-  (5hp)

• Star delta starter- (5 hp to 20 hp)

• Auto Transformer - (20 hp to 50hp)

• Soft starter - (above 50hp)

Where its used onboard?

Dol  starter

• Boiler feed pump 
• Circulating pump 
• Gear pump 
• Bilge pump 
• Fwg distilled pump 
• Stern lub oil pump.

 Star delta starter 

• Jcw pump (HT and LT)
• Ballast pump 
• Sea water pump.

Auto Transformer

• Bow thruster 
• M/e lo pump 

Soft starter

• Washing machine
•  Spring drier 
• Grinder.

WELDING TRANSFORMER MEO CLASS4

WHAT IS WELDING TRANSFORMER?

•  IT IS A STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER USED TO REDUCE THE VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 15V - 45V TO PRODUCE THE CURRENT OF 200- 600AMPS IN SECONDARY WINDING,

• PRIMARILY WINDING->THIN WIRE AND MORE TURN(BECAUSE LOW CURRENT THIN WIRE CAN CARRY)

• SECONDARY WINDING ->THICK WIRE LESS TURN(HIGH CURRENT IS PROVIDED)

CONSTRUCTION OF WELDING TRANSFORMER?

• It is a auto Transformer
• It has a magnetic field core with primary winding which is thin wire and large number if turn.
• A secondary winding with less turn thick wire.
• Due to this arrangement its a step down Transformer.
• So we get less voltage and high current output.
• DC WELDING TRANSFORMER is also same working like ac welding Transformer. But in dc welding Transformer rectifier is provided to convert ac, in out put of   secondary winding.
• Also connect a indictor or filter to get the smooth dc current,
• This is the construction of welding Transformer.

(Please check  the image)

Working of welding Transformer?

• Its is the step down Transformer so we get les Voltage and high current.
• Which is near 15 to 45v and 200amp to 600amp
• For adjusting the voltage on secondary side there are topping on secondary winding by this we can get required amount nog secondary current for welding.
• Topping are connected to several High current switches,
•  welding electrodes  and the other end is connected to welding piece.
• When a high current flow in a large amount of I2.R, heat is produced due to contact resistance between welding piece and electrode.
• Because of this High heat tip of the electrode melted and fill the gaps between welding piece.

Why we can't synchronous ship's generator and shore supply?

 Reason is simple,

SURVIVER MAY ASK WHY WE CAN'T SYNCHRONISE SHORE SUPPLY AND GENERATOR?

• Both have different frequencies or voltage,
• While ship's GENERATOR is running we can't close the shore supply circuit breaker, is because interlocking is provided.

Why A/E crank shaft is drilled for lubrication but not in M/E ?

•  It will reduce the strength of the crankshaft.
• May possible to occur crack or failure
• So we drill the hole in a/e Engines.
• For main engine we use semi build crank shaft .- web and crank pin both are single oice 
• For a/e engine we use forged crank shaft- its fully moulded type.good fatigue strength.

COOLING SYSTEM

1. CYLINDER COOLING/JACKET COOLING
2. FUEL VALVE COOLING
3. PISTON COOLING
4. CHARGE AIR COOLING

CYLINDER COOLING/ JACKET COOLING 

•  FRESH WATER OR DISTILLED WATER WILL BE USE . IT WILL INCORPORATED COOLING OF TURBINES IN TURBOCHARGER ENGINE AND EXHAUST VALVE COOLING.

FUEL VALVE COOLING

• FRESH WATER WILL BE USED, IT WILL BE THE SEPARATE SYSTEM 

PISTON COOLING

• USE MAY BE FRESH WATER LUBRICATION OIL OR DISTILLED WATER.
• IF OIL IS USED IN THIS SYSTEM, ITS GENERALLY COMMON WITH LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM.

CHARGE AIR COOLING

• SEA WATER WILL BE USED IN THIS SYSTEM

 

Battery Rating

 Battery Rating: Ampere-hour

Battery capacity is usually rated in terms of it's discharge at the 10 hour rate.

Example: A 300Amps battery would be expected to provide 30Amps for 10 hours. 

To prevent Explosion in Battery room

1.Providing proper ventilation inside the compartment. 

• Independent exhaust fan provided [Non-sparking type; should not produce static charge]
• Inlet duct should be below battery level. Outlet duct top of the compartment.  [Both batteries emit Hydrogen. Hydrogen is lighter than air. It accumulate on top of  the compartment] 

2.By preventing any source of ignition. 

• No smoking; No naked flames.
• Battery room lighting must be flame proof (Ex d)
• Room temperature to be maintained between 15°C-25°C 
• Battery should never be placed in emergency switchboard room. [chances of sparking due to arching of circuit breakers] 
• Maintenance tools must be rubberized coating to prevent accidental short circuit. 
• No metal jugs for filling distilled water inside batteries.
• Cables should be adequate size and well connected.

Battery maintenance

1. Cell tops must be kept clean and dry in order to reduce the risk of corrosion and electrical leakage.
2. Terminals should be kept tight, clean and free of any deposits. The connectors can be coated with petroleum jelly.
3. The cables should be examined from time to time for signs of corrosion.
4. Electrolyte level should be checked and topped up with distilled water to cover the electrodes.
5. Gas vent in the cells should be kept free from blockage by dirt or in case of alkaline batteries from crystallized electrolyte. 
6. Pure distilled water should only be used for topping up.
7. Specific gravity should be measured and temperature correction should be applied.
8. A weekly log of critical parameters to be maintained. 
9. Voltage reading of each cell should be taken while the current is actually flowing. [the voltage of battery on an open circuit is however rather misleading]
10. First aid treatment should be understood and first aid equipment must be available at all times. 

Precaution of Batteries

1. Both batteries emit Hydrogen gas.So no naked lights allowed.
2. Battery is stored in well ventilated room.
3. Battery room should be clean and dry.
4. No smoking board to be displayed.
5. Paint work in room should be acid and alkaline resistance.
6. Acid cells should never be placed near Alkaline cells.
7. Never use Lead-acid batterymaintenance gear to Alkaline battery.
8. Use proper PPE. Insulated spanner should be used to prevent accidental short circuit and may cause spark.
9. First aid equipment should be kept near battery room.
10. Never use the thermometer to measure electrolyte temperature. Accidental damage of thermometer cause explosion. 

Battery installation

1. Battery room  should be well ventilated, clean and dry.
2. Both type batteries generate gas during charging. So, No smoking, Naked flames in the vicinity of batteries.
3. Steel work and decks adjacent to lead acid batteries should be covered with acid resisting paint and alkali resisting paint used near Ni-Cd cells.
4. Acid cells must never be placed near alkaline cells. Never use Lead-Acid battery maintenance gear to Alkaline battery installation or vice-versa.(e.g Hydrometer, topping up bottle,etc.,)

MEO CLASS4 ORAL 25/03/2021

 

MEO CLASS4  25/03/2021

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Crank case explosion
2. Main engine one unit exhaust temperature is increased ,what PARAMETERS will you Check,what will be ur action, what can be the reason?
3. BOILER MOUNTINGS
4. AIR IN THE REFER COMPRESSOR,HOW WILL YOU FIND AND WHAT WILL BE THE ACTION.
5. MAIN BEARING AND BOTTOM END BEARING CLEARANCE

CRANK CASE EXPLOSION

HOW IT WILL HAPPEN?

• TO MUCH CLEARANCE BETWEEN BEARINGS,
• OIL FLIMS MAY BREAKDOWN 
• DIAPHRAGM IS NOT SEALING PROPELY
• PISTON CROWN IS BROKEN, EXHAUST GAS MAY LEAK TO CRANK CASE,
• CIRCULATING LUBRICATION OIL NOT PROPER.
• ENGINE CHAIN DRIVE IS TOO TIGHT. WHICH MAY LEADS TO HOT SPOT.
• GEARS DONT HAVE PROPER LUBRICATION.

PRIMARY EXPLOSION?

• DUE TO ANY ABOVE REASON HOT SPOT WILL CREATE. WHEN LUBRICATION OIL CONTACT WITH HOTSPOT  OIL BECOMES VAPOUR, AGAIN VAPOUR WILL COME AND  CONTACT WITH THE HOTSPOT, PRIMARY EXPLOSION WILL HAPPENED.

SECONDARY EXPLOSION?

• AFTER THE PRIMARY EXPLOSION, PRESSURE WILL INCREASED INSIDE THE CRANKCASE.
• NOW CRANKCASE RELIEF VALVE WILL ACTIVATED RELEASE ALL PRESSURE .
• AFTER THIS CRANK CASE BECOME VACCUM AGAIN. NOW IF FRESH AIR WILL COME INSIDE THE CRANKCASE SECONDARY EXPLOSION WILL TAKE PLACE.

TO AVOID THE SECONDARY EXPLOSION

• ALL MAIN BEARINGS AND TRUST BEARINGS HAVE TEMPERATURE SENSORS. IT WILL GIVE ALARM ONCE TEMPERATURE INCREASED. 
• IN NEW TYPE OF ENGINES WE HAVE A SENSOR OF WEAR DOWN OF MAIN BEARINGS. (IF UNEQUAL WEAR DOWN MEANS OIL FLIMS WILL BREAKDOWN.)
• AND WE HAVE NON RETURN VALVE TYPE RELIEF VALVE WHICH WILL RELEASE ALL PRESSURE WHEN PRIMARY EXPLOSION TAKE PLACE INSIDE THE CRANK CASE.

MAIN ENGINE ONE UNIT  EXHAUST TEMPERATURE IS INCREASED- WHAT PARAMETERS YOU WILL CHECK,WHAT WILL BE YOUR ACTION AND WHAT CAN BE THE REASON?

REASON FOR ONE UNIT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE INCREASED?

• THERMOMETER FAULT
• BLOW PAST 
• SCAVENGE FIRE
• EXHAUST VALVE LEAKING
• FUEL PUMP MALFUNCTION
• FUEL INJECTOR FAULT
• LESS AIR IN FUEL 
• TAPPET CLEARANCE IS MORE.

WHAT ARE THE PARAMETERS SHOULD CHECK IF ONE UNIT EXHAUST TEMPERATURE IS INCREASED?

• THERMOMETER SHOULD CHECK IF IT'S WORKING PROPELY OR NOT.
• SCAVENGING MANIFOLD TEMPERATURE SHOULD CHECK 
• SHOULD CHECK TAPPET CLEARANCE 

ACTION WHEN INCREASED EXHAUST TEMPERATURE IN SINGLE UNIT.

• REDUCE ENGINE RPM 
• INCREASE CYLINDER LUBRICATION
• TAPPET CLEARANCE CHANGE 
• OVERHAULING FUEL PUMP 
• OVERHAULING FUEL INJECTOR
• ADJUST FUEL INJECTOR TIMING
• SENSORS CHECK OR CHANGEOVER

BOILER MOUNTINGS

 

• OGEE RINGS
• DEMISTER
• RING AND DISTRIBUTER
• FUSIBLE PLUG
• PRESSURE GAUGE
• STEAM STOP VALVE 
• AUXILIARY STEAM STOP VALVE 
• BOTTOM BLOW DOWN VALVE 
• SCUM BLOW DOWN VALVE 
• SAFETY VALVE 
• SALINOMETER VALVE 
• FEED CHECKER VALVE 
• GAUGE GLASS
• VENT

 

REFER AIR IN THE SYSTEM, HOW WILL YOU FIND AND WHAT WILL BE THE ACTION.

AIR IN THE REFER SYSTEM HOW WILL YOU FIND?

• ABNORMAL HIGH DISCHARGE PRESSURE
• JERKING OF COMPOUND PRESSURE GAUGE
• VERY SMALL BUBBLES IN SIGHT GLASS
• CONDENSER TEMPERATURE HIGH.

ACTION IF AIR IN THE REFER SYSTEM?

• CHANGE THE COMPRESSOR TO MANUAL MODE 
• BYPASS THE LOW PRESSURE CUT OUT 
• CLOSE THE LIQUID STOP VALVE AFTER THE CONDENSER.
• PUMPING ENTIRE  REFRIGERATION INTO CONDENSER.
• UNTIL SUCTION PRESSURE IS BECOME ZERO.
• STOP THE COMPRESSOR AND CLOSE THE CONDENSER SUCTION VALVE 
• THEN GIVE SOME TIME TO COOL DOWN
• THEN OPEN THE PURGE VALVE ON THE CONDENSER.
• AIR WILL GO OUT. WAIT FOR REFRIGERANT COME OUT.
• THEN CLOSE THE PURGE VALVE .
• OPEN THE LIQUID STOP VALVE AND COMPRESSOR SUCTION VALVE START THE COMPRESSOR. 
• CHECK THE SIGHT GLASS.

MAIN BEARING AND BOTTOM END BEARING CLEARANCE?

MAIN BEARING (JOURNAL BEARING) CLEARANCE?

• CLEARANCE MEASURES JOURNAL BEARING TO UPPER SHELL USING TELESCOPIC FEELER GAUGE

BOTTOM END BEARING (CRANK PIN)

PISTON - BDC 

• CLEARANCE BETWEEN BOTTOM END BEARING TO BOTTOM SHELL USING FEELER GAUGE.

Atomisation

Atomisation:

Break up of the liquid fuel into a minute vapour mist.

Factors affecting Atomisation:  

• small orifices of the injector.
• pressure difference between fuel line and cylinder.
• Temperature, mass flow rate and viscosity of the fuel.

Effect of too high atomisation - After burning

Very small fuel particles will not have enough kinetic energy to go through the whole combustion space. Fuel droplets gather near the fuel injector due to resistance from the dense compressed air. 

Hence, they will be starved during combustion and after burning will take place.

Effect of too low atomisation - Poor combustion 

Larger fuel droplets will possess more kinetic energy and get deposited on the liner wall. This causes after burning and poor combustion. Carbon deposits will be seen on the liner walls, side of the piston crown and piston rings.

Boiler Water Test

Boiler water tests:

1. Alkalinity test. [a.Phenopthelin (P) alkalinity test  b.Total (T) alkalinity test ]
2. Chloride test
3. Excess phosphate test
4. pH test 
5. Amerzine test (Hydrazine test)
6. Conductivity test (total dissolve solids test) 
7. Hardness test

Purpose of Boiler water Test:

1. To ensure that proper chemical treatment are maintained at all time.
2. To detect the presence of contaminants in the water that may damage the boiler and feed system.

How to collect water sample for test?

• Test sample must be cooled to 25°C with the help of sample cooler.
• Allow sufficient water to flow through sample line before taking the sample, this will clear it from sedimentation.
• Let the water overflow from sample bottle to prevent air being trapped.
• Keep the bottle air tight for testing.
• If sample is colored or turbid, filter paper should be used for testing.
• Try to take sample  from same point.
• Try to avoid the sample to contact with air,  this will change the dissolved Oxygen content.

Alkalinity test: 

This is to ensure that the boiler water prevent corrosion by neutralization of acidic gases.

Phenopthelin test [P-Alkalinity test]

This test is for finding amount of hydroxides in boiler water.

Procedure:

1. Take 100 ml of boiler water sample.
2. Add 10 drops of Phenopthelin.
3. Colour will change to Pink.
4. Now add N/50 Sulphuric acid, till colour will varnish.
5. The quantity of Sulphuric acid will indicate Phenopthelin alkalinity of boiler water.

Result:

P-Alkalinity in PPM=Drops of Sulphuric acid ×10

Total Alkalinity test: 

This test is to determine the amount of Hydroxide,Carbonate,Bi-Carbonate in boiler water.

Procedure:

1. With the above sample add 10 drops of Methyl Orange.
2. Colour will change to Orange.
3. Now add Sulphuric acid, till colour change to Pink.

Result: 

T-Alkalinity in PPM=Drops of Sulphuric acid × 10 

Hydroxides and Carbonates can co-exist together in a solution but Hydroxides and Bi-Carbonates cannot.

Chloride test:

This test is to know the amount of salt in boiler water. 

To minimize the chloride level and to adjust the blow down.

Procedure:

1. Sample after P-Alkalinity to be used.
2. Add 10 drops of Potasium Chromate.
3. Colour changes to Yellow.
4. Add N/35.5 Silver Nitrate (Ag NO3), till colour changes to Brick Red.

Result:

Chloride content =No. of drops of AgNO3 ×10 

Chloride content < 300 PPM

Phospate test: 

To control the scale formation due to hardness.(presence of Phospate sample means no hardness salts)

A reserve of Phospate should be maintained in the boiler water ready to neutralize any hardness salts which may enter.

Procedure:

1. Take 25 ml of filtered boiler water sample.
2. Add 25 ml of reagent Molybdate.
3. Then add one small spoon of stannous Chloride.
4. Colour will change to Blue.

Result: 

Use comparator to check the phospate.

40 - 60 PPM should be maintained. 

pH test: 

To control condensate pH value within limit.

To minimize corrosion in steam and condensate system.

Procedure: 

1. It is checked by using pH paper.
2. Dip the pH paper.
3. Use the colour comparator to check the pH.

Result: 

Should be 10-11

Hardness test: 

To check for salt causing "hardness "

Hardness test of boiler is not necessary when the Phospate is above the lower limit of control range.

Procedure: 

1. This test can be carried out by conductivity meter or by a standard soap solution.
2. Take boiler water in beaker.
3. Add soap solution and stir it for sometime.

Result: 

more foam formed, less is the hardness in boiler water. 

conductivity test: 

To measure the total amount of dissolved solids (T.D.S) including treatment chemicals.

(Excessive density leads to priming and deposits)

To remove dissolved and suspended solid by blowing .

1.Higher conductivity,  higher the hardness.

2.with the hardness test, have the general idea about conductivity. 

3000 micro siemens/cm for high pr. boiler 

400 micro Siemens/ cm for low pr. boiler 

Amerzine test (Hydrazine test) 

• To test for dissolved Oxygen content. 
• To know reserve Hydrazine (N2H4) ppm to prevent corrosion and aeration.
• To minimize Oxygen pitting and corrosion in boiler, steam and condensate system.

what do you do for preventing of Oxygen?

Oxygen scavenging chemical used for deaeration the water. 

Usually Sodium sulphate (Na2O3) or Hydrazine (N2H4) 

2Na2SO3 + O2 = 2Na2SO4

2N2H4 + O2 = 2H2O + 2NH3 

Excess dosage of Hydrazine lead to steam and condensate line corrosion due to Ammonia being produced as the  excess Hydrazine decomposed.

Fe3O4 --> Magnetite 

{some Hydrazine carried away to steam  line.  It forms layer on pipe line & it will give corrosion protection} 

Generator not coming on load

 Reasons: 

1. Generator lost its residual magnetism.
2. Faulty synchroscope.
3. Faulty Air Circuit Breaker.
4. Loss connection of Automatic Voltage Regulator. (exciter circuit may be open)
5. Faulty power cable.
6. Frequency and Voltage not matching with busbar.

Alternator Specification

 Brushless alternator 

Number of phases : 3

output: 937.5 KVA 

volts:  450V 

frequency: 60Hz 

RPM: 720rpm

Insulation : Armature 'F' class 

Rating: CONT

Power factor:  0.8 

Number of pole: 10 

Amps: 1203A 

Field: F'class 

Excitation phase: 3

Excitation output: 21.7KVA 

Excitation p.f: 0.95

Exciatation frequency: 84Hz

Excitation No. of poles: 4 

Excitation volts: 112V 

Excitation Amp: 112V 

Prime mover: Diesel engine 

(this is jz one of the example of  alternator specification. surveyor may ask this specification rarely and he will ask cross  questions about insualtion and its class,power generation, power factor ) 

Arrival port checklist

 Upon 1 hr. notice:

1. Stop FWG and shut valves.
2. Change over to high sea suction.
3. Soot blow Auxiliary boiler, check firing amd put on auto mode.
4. Check all air compressors oil level and put on auto mode.
5. Charge both air bottles and drain any water from bottles and air dryer. 
6. Shut and lock bilge overboard valve and hand over key to cheif engineer. Ensure that all bilge suction valves are shut, however not locked. [Thr security seals may be used to avoid inadvertent opening of any bilge suction valve]
7. Start additional generator for power to mooring machinery, thrusters, deck  water, etc.,
8. Shut steam to D.B F.O.T's.
9. Put on sewage plant and changeover valves. 

At standby

1. start additional generator as required.
2. At standby record M/E counter, flowmeter readings, L.O sump and cyl. oil tank levels.
3. Ensure adequate manpower available for arrival port.

At FWE (finish with engine)

1. Take over control from bridge to ECR and stop auxiliary blower.
2. Open indiactor cocks and engage turning gear.
3. Turn M/E by turning gear with cylinder lubricator rotated 20-30 turns each for about 15 mins.
4. Cover M/E T/C suction filters.
5. Put M/E on preheat and maintain temperature.
6. Stop unnecessary machinery and put off breakers. 
7. shift generator load and stop as required.

Departure checklist

1.  check M/E preheat temperature maintained between 60° - 70°C.
2. Check L.O p/p pr. and temp. within normal parameters.
3. Check crosshead L.O p/p pr. and current within normal parameters.
4. Check JCW p/p pr. and current within normal parameters.
5. Check M/E fuel pr. and viscosity/ temperature.
6. Check all standby pumps selected and reset repose switch.
7. Check control air/Exh. v/v spring air pr. normal.
8. Check Exh. Boiler circulating p/p running and pr. normal.
9. Check stern tube L.O p/p running; pr. normal and sump level OK.
10. Check all air compressors oil level and put on Auto mode.
11. Charge both air bottles and drain water to air bottles and dryer.
12. Confirm M/E L.O sump level normal.
13. Check M/E T/Cs and governor oil levels normal.
14. Check F.O purifier, service tank and drain tank levels.
15. Check L.O purifier running normal.
16. Check steering gear and confirms oil levels normal.
17. Complete all steering gear check with bridge.
18. Start 2nd generator or standby generator and take on load and put necessary breakers ON.
19. Turn M/E turning gear with indicator cocks open and cylinder lubricators rotated 20-30 turns each for about 15 mins.
20. Check M/E auto start air valve in auto/manual position and Auxiliary blowers on Auto.
21. Contact bridge, blowthrough M/E and try out ahead and astern.
22. Start additional generators as necessary.
23. In case of bridge control, hand over controls to bridge at standby.
24. At standby record all flowmeters, L.O sump level and Cyl. oil tank level.

Purifier Safeties

1. Back pressure low alarm and shut down
2. Back pressure high alarm and  shut down
3. Feed pressure low alarm and shut down
4. High oil temperature alarm and shut down
5. Low oil temperature alarm and shut down
6. Heavy phase overflow (purifier abnormal alarm will come)
7. Low sealing water pressure 
8. Bowl not open (detected by a current sensing relay)
9. water in oil (detected by transducer)

Boiler safeties

1.  Safety valve
2. Pressure gauge
3. Easing gear
4. Air vent
5. Water level indicators (Boiler control panel & ECR panel)
6. Boiler gauge glass
7. Low water level alarm
8. Low low water level alarm and shut down (Trip)
9. High water level alarm
10. Low F.O pressure alarm
11. Low F.O temperature alarm (Trip)
12. High F.O temperature alarm (Trip)
13. Low steam drum pressure alarm 
14. High steam drum pressure alarm (Trip)
15. Forced draught fan stop alarm
16. Flame failure alarm
17. Smoke density high alarm 

Note: surveyor will ask what are alarms and what are trips 

Air Compressor Safeties

1. Drain valve
2. Unloader 
3. Bursting Disc (Copper disc) 
4. Fusible plug (50% Bi, 30% Tin, 20% Pb)
5. Relief valve
6. L.O low pressure alarm and trip
7. Jacket Cooling water High temperature trip
8. Jacket water no-flow trip
9. High air temperature trip
10. Motor overload trip

Start Air Line Safeties

1. Flame trap (at joint where manifold to each cylinder starting line)
2. Bursting disc cap or relief valve
3. Automatic shut-off master valve
4. Non-return start air valves
5. Drain cock in the manifold and at other parts
6. Drain cock before shut-off valve
7. Temperature sensors and pressure gauges
8.  Running direction and turning gear engaged interlocks to prevent accidental starting

Main Engine Safeties

1. Overspeed trip 
2. Emergency manual trip
3. L.O low pressure trip
4. Camshaft L.O low pressure trip
5. Thrust bearing high temperature trip
6. Main bearing high temperature trip
7. JCW low pressure slow down alarm
8. Piston cooling water low pressure slow down alarm
9. Main engine fuel leak tank alarm 
10. Sump oil level low alarm
11. Spring air pressure low with starting air valve system line.
12. OMD-alarm 
13. Scavenge fire alarm  

Auxiliary Engine Safeties

1. Thermometer
2. Pressure gauge
3. Dip stick
4. crankcase door relief valve
5. cylinder head relief valve
6. F.O low pressure alarm
7. L.O low pressure alarm and trip
8. L.O high temperature alarm
9. Cooling F.W high temperature alarm
10. Cooling F.W low pressure trip
11. Fuel leak tank alarm
12. Starting air pressure low alarm
13. Exhaust gas high temperature alarm 
14. Windings high temperature alarm
15. Pedestal bearing high temperature alarm
16. Overspeed trip
17. Reverse power relay

Main Engine Auto slow down reasons

Main Engine (Auto Slowdown)

1. Oil mist high density
2. Scavenge air box fire
3. Main L.O low pressure
4. Cylinder cooling F.W low pressure
5. Cylinder L.O non-flow
6. Cylinder cooling F.W high temperature
7. Piston cooling oil high temperature
8. Stern tube bearing high temperature 
9. Thrust bearing segment high temperature
10. Exhaust gas outlet high temperature/high deviation
11. Exhaust Gas Economizer high temperature
12. Exhaust Gas Economizer water non-flow

Main Engine safety devices

1. Crankcase relief door
2. Scavenge space relief door 
3. starting air line relief valve
4. cylinder head relief valve
5. Flame trap
6. Oil Mist Detector
7. Running direction interlock
8. Turning gear interlock

Em'cy Batteries supply (30 mins)

1. Em'cy lighting
2. Navigational lights
3. Fire detection and alarming system
4. Internal communication equipment
5. Daylight signalling lamp and ship's whistle. 

what are the equipment which get supply from em'cy generator?

1. Em'cy lighting to alley way/lifeboat embarkation deck/ engine room
2. Navigational system
3. steering gear
4. Em'cy fire pump
5. Em'cy air compressor
6. Battery charging
7. Fire detection and alarming system
8. Radio equipment (communication equipment)
9. Daylight signalling lamp and ship's whistle
10. Navigation Aids
11. General alarm
12. Manual fire alarm
13.  Watertight doors

EMERGENCY SWITCHBOARD

 what is Em'cy switchboard?

• It is a switchboard which distributes emergency load that power is supplied from emergency generator during main switchboard failure.
• It has two sections. one for 440V another is 220V.
• Under normal conditions, 440V supply is taken from Engine Room MSB through a circuit breaker.
• when main power is lost, this circuit breaker is tripped (opened)
• Emergency generator comes into action and supplies power through another circuit breaker. 
• An interlock is given to prevent closing of both breakers simultaneously.

Em'cy switchboard distribution:

1. Em'cy bilge p/p (440V)
2. sprinkler system (440V)
3. one of the steering gear motor(440V)
4. Navigation equipment.(220V)
5. Radio Communication.(220V)
6. Transformed and rectified supply to battery system (220V)
7. Transitional em'cy power battery(em'cy lights for 30 mins)
8. Low power DC system battery(Alarms and control system)

PURIFIER ( PART B ) MEO ORALS

WHAT ARE THE REASON FOR PURIFIER OVERFLOW?

• INCORRECT DISC SIZE 
• TOO HIGH FUEL OIL TEMPERATURE 
• TOO MUCH FEED RATE 
• TOO MUCH SLUDGE I SIDE THE BOWEL
• LOW RPM OF THE BOWL
• SEALING WATER FAILURE
• OPERATING WATER FAILURE
• MAIN SEALING RING WORN OUT.

WHAT ARE THE REASON FOR VIBRATION ON PURIFIER?

• TOO MUCH SLUDGE
• BEARING FAILURE
• FAILURE OF FOUNDATION BOLT
• GEAR WORN OUT 
• UNEVEN TOUCHING WITH FRICTION CLUTCH
• MOTOR SPEED IS TOO LOW OE TOO HIGH.

WHY WE ARE NOT GETTING ENOUGH RPM WHEN PURIFIER IS RUNNING?

• IMPROPER TOUCHING WITH FRICTION CLUTCH
• TOUCHING WITH BREAK
• EXCESSIVE SLUDGE IN SIDE THE PURIFIER
• BEARING FAILURE
• ONE PHASE POWER FAILURE
• MOTOR RUNNING OVERSPEED.

SURVIVER WILL ASK YOU GOW TO CHANGE  THE PURIFIER HFO TO DO?

• REPLACE THE GRAVITY DISC 
• (WHICH IS SMALLER THAN HEAVY OIL)
• OPEN HEATER BYPASS VALVE 
• CLOSE THE HFO HEATER'S IN AND OUT VALVE 
• AND OPEN THE DRAIN VALVE OF HEATER.

(SOME PURIFIER DESIGN ONLY FOR DO WHICH WILL NOT CHANGEOVER TO HFO.)

HOW WILL YOU ADJUST PURIFIER BOWEL HEIGHT?

• FOR SMALL VARIATION ADJUST THE VERTICAL SHAFT ADJUSTING SCREW 

(SURVIVER MAY ASK WHAT HAPPENED IF REDUCE PURIFIER BOWEL HEIGHT) 

ANSWER IS - OIL GO WITH WATER OUTLET.

HOW WILL YOU SELECT THE GRAVITY DISC?

• MONOGRAM  METHOD
• TRIALS AND ERROR METHOD

MONOGRAM METHOD ?

THERE WILL BE A CHART ( LIKE ABOVE I MENTIONED.) USING THIS CHART WE CAN FIND THE GRAVITY DISC SIZE BY USING SOME PARAMETERS

• SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• SEPARATION OF TEMPERATURE
• FEED RATE  M3/HOURS OR LITTERS/HOURS
• GRAVITY DISC SIZE

TRAIL AND ERROR METHOD?

• FIRST PUT THE LARGE DISC AND CHECK OIL IS OVERFLOWING OR NOT .. IF OVERFLOWING. PUT SMALL ONE. LIKE THIS WE  WILL SELECT THE GRAVITY DISC

WHAT HAPPENED IF GRAVITY DISC DIAMETER IS TOO HIGH?

• WATER WILL GO THROUGH WITH OIL

WHAT HAPPENED IF DIAMETER OF GRAVITY DISC SIZE IS TOO SMALL?

• WE WILL GET THE PURE OIL BUT SOME MORE GOOD OIL WILL GO WITH SLUDGE.

NOTES:
 DENSITY OF OIL IS INCREASE - DECREASE THE DIAMETER OF DISC
DENSITY OF OIL IS DECREASE- INCREASE THE DIAMETER OF DISC.

WHAT IS PARING DISC?

•  IT IS A STATIONARY IMPELLER MOUNTED ON THE NECK OF THE BOWL
• FUNCTION OF THE PARING DISC IS CONVERT THE ROTATIONAL ENERGY INTO PRESSURE ENERGY.

WHAT IS FRICTIONAL CLUTCH?

• TO GRADUALLY INCREASE THE RPM OF RGE PURIFIER
• TO PREVENT THE STARTING  OVER CURRENT OF MOTOR .

WHERE IS PILOT VALVE IS LOCATED IN PURIFIER?

• BOWL OPENING AND CLOSING WILL BE DONE BY PILOT VALVE 

WHAT IS BLIND DISC ?

• THE DISC HAVE NO HOLES, ITS USED TO CONVERT THE PURIFIER INTO CLARIFIER.

HOW BACK PRESSURE IS MAINTAINED?

• USING BACK PRESSURE VALVE 

WHY BACK PRESSURE IS MAINTAINED?

• IF WE WILL NOT MAINTAIN BACK PRESSURE PURIFIER IS ACT LIKE A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.

WHAT IS THROUGH PUT?

• FEED RATE IS CALLED THROUGH PUT (OIL WHICH GIVEN TO PURIFIER FOR PURIFICATION)

WHAT IS WEAK LINK? WHERE ITS LOCATED?

• WEAK LINK IS PROVIDED BETWEEN MOTOR  AND HORIZONTAL SHAFT TO BREAK THE LINK IN CASE OF MOTOR OVERLOAD. TO AVOID THE DAMAGE OF GEAR AND SHAFT .

PLEASE POST YOUR FEED BACK IN COMMENTS BOX. WE ARE HAPPY TO HEAR YOUR OPINION.

PURIFIER ( PART A ) MEO CLASS 4 QUESTIONS ANSWERS

 Why we are using purifier in onboard?

• To avoid the sulphur corrosion
• To remove the water and sludge from the fuel oil 

What are the causes of sulphur corrosion ?

• Liner worn out 
• Fuel injector worn out 
• Piston ring worn out 

Difference between purifier and clarifier?

Purifier 

•  Remove the water and solid from the oil
• Two outlet on top, (one for dirty water one for oil)
• Gravity disc is provided.
• Blond disc is fitted on top of the stack
• Sealing water is required for starting 
• Lower disc have holes.

Clarifier

• Remove the solid from the liquid 
• Only outlet for clean oil 
• No gravity disc 
• Blind disc on the bottom
• Lower disc has no holes 

How do you change the purifier to clarifier?

• Remove the gravity disc
• Set the ind disc at bottom
• Shut the sealing water
• Water outlet also closed.

Purpose of Gravity disc / dam ring ?

• It will set the interface line between the water and oil.

Reason for multi disc provided in purifier?

• To separate the liquid into thin layers and it will create the shallow settling distance between disc 
• To improve the separation of oil from heavier liquid 
• To increase the surface area.

Why sealing water is necessary for purifier?

• To seal the water outlet
• To prevent the overflow of oil from water outlet
• To avoid leakage or mixing of fluid.

CLASSIFICATION OF BULKHEADS MEO CLASS 4

 CLASS A 

•  FORMING AS A BULKHEADS DECKS 
• MADE OF STEEL OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL.
• ONE HOUR STANDARD FIRE TEST FOR PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF SMOKE AND FLAME.
• INSULATED BY NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL.
• MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ON  UNEXPLORED SIDE SHOULD NOT RISE ABOVE 139° C.
• POINT TEMPERATURE ABOVE 180°C
• A60 - 60 MINUTES
• A30 - 30 MINUTES
• A15 - 15 MINUTES
• A0 - 0 MINUTES

CLASS B 

• FORMING BY A BULKHEADS DECKS AND CEILING AND LINING.
• 30 HOURS STANDARD FIRE TEST OF FLAME 
• UNEXPLORED TEMPERATURE 139°C ABOVE ORIGINAL
• POINT TEMPERATURE RISE MORE THAN 225°C 
• NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL 
• B15 - 15 MINUTES
• B0 - 0 MINUTES

CLASS C 

•  CONSTRUCTED AS A DECK 
• APPROVED BY SOLAS AND CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY AS A NON COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL.
• NOT REQUIRED TO STANDARD FIRE TEST.

SEEMP SHIP ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT PLAN MEO CLASS 4

 SEEMP 

•  SEEMP is designed to achieve better energy efficiency
• Ship efficiency management plan provide a mechanism to improve the energy efficiency of the ship in a cost effective manner.
• SEEMP made mandatory for all the ship as per MARPOL  

SEEMP divided into two parts 

 part A :

 ship specific measure that have been adopted by company to improve energy efficiency.

•  FUEL EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION
• WEATHER ROUTINE
• DRAFT AND TRIM OPTIMIZATION
• PROPELLER AND HULL CLEANING
• SPEED OPTIMIZATION
• TIME MAINTENANCE

PART 2:

Applicable for the all ship of 5000gt and above.

Should collect the data .

 

• TYPE OF FUEL CONSUMED 
• AMOUNT OF EACH FUEL CONSUMED
• DISTANCE TRAVELED
• HOURS UNDER WAY.

BOILER MOUNTINGS

 Internal mountings.

• O gee ring 
• Demister
• Ring and distributor 
• Fusible plug 

• External mountings 
• Pressure gauge
• Steam stop valve 
• Auxiliary steam stop valve 
• Bottom blow down valve 
• Scum blow down valve 
• Safety valve 
• Salinometer valve 
• Feed checker valve 
• Gauge glass 
• Vent 

Difference between smoke tube and water tube boiler.?

 SMOKE TUBE BOILER 

•  LOWER RATE OF EVAPORATION
• LOW PRESSURE BOILER 
• LESS COMPACT SIZE 
• GAS PASSES THROUGH TUBES 
• USED FOR LOW STEAM  DEMAND AREA 
• NORMAL QUALITY OF WATER CAN USE 
• MORE STORAGE CAPACITY OF STEAM.

WATER TUBE BOILER

• HIGH RATE OF EVAPORATION
• HIGH PRESSURE BOILER 
• COMPACT SIZE
• USED FOR HIGH DEMAND AREA
• WATER QUALITY SHOULD BE GOOD 
• LOW STEAM HOLDING CAPACITY.

Ship security officer (sso) meo class4 exam

 Ship security officer is the person onboard . He is designed by the company, he is responsible for the security of ship. Including implementation and maintenance of ship security plan  and he will be direct contact with cso and pfso.

Duties and responsibilities of sso.

• Proposing modification in ssp 
• Reporting all security incident
• Ensuring security equipments are in operation 
• Ensuring adequate training provided to onboard persons.

What are the documents on ship as per solas & marpol & stcw

Documents

 

• Ship construction drawing

• Ship construction file

• Coating technical file (what kind of paint)

• Stability information 

• Damage stability

• Fire control plan booklet

• Fire safety operational booklet

• Maintenance plan

• Training manual

• Onboard training & drill record

• Narical chart & publications

• IAMSAR

•  Record of navigation activities

• Manoeuvring booklet.

• Ais test report

• Record of rest hours

• Ship safety an ans procedure for recovery of the person from water.

• Oil Record Book

• MSDS of all cargo

• SOPEP

• Garbage management plan.

• Cargo secure manual

• Ship security plan and associated record.

• Fuel oil change over procedure.

• Bunker Delivery note and sample

• SEEMP

• Log book

• EEDI technical file

• Nox technical file.

• Record book of engine parameters.

• Noise survey report.

• Ozone depletion substance record

• Search and rescue co operation plan 

• List if operational limitations

• Decision support system for master.

• Enhance survay report file.

• Cargo information.

• Ship structure access manual.

• COW operation experiment.

• Subdivision and stability information

• SIS operation plan and record of STS

• Voc management plan.

• Record of oil discharge

• Oil discharge monitoring control system manual.

• ODMCS operational manual.

• Ship board marine Pollution emergency plan.

• Procedure and arrangements manual.

Please we need your review. Please post your opinion in  Comment box

SHIP'S CERTIFICATE AS PER SOLAS AND MARPOL AND STCW

• Tonnage certificate

• Load line certificate

• Load line exemption certificate

• International ship security certificate

• Continues synopsis record.

• Minimum safe manning documents .

• Certificate for master & officers & ratings

• Document of compliances.

• Safety management certificate

• 
  

• International oil Pollution prevention certificate.

• International Pollution prevention certificate for carriage of noxic liquid substance in bulk.

• Document of compliances with special requirements ship carrying dangerous goods.

• International sewag Pollution prevention certificate.

• International energy efficiency certificate.

• International air Pollution prevention certificate.

• Engine International air Pollution prevention certificate.

• International anti fouling system certificate.

• Declaration of anti fouling system.

• Voyage data recorder.

• Passanger ship safety certificate

• Special trade passanger ship safety certificate and special trade passanger ship space certificate.

• 
  

• Cargo ship safety certificate.

• ✅Cargo ship safety construction certificate.

• ✅Cargo ship safety equipment certificate.

• ✅Cargo shil Safety radio certificate.

• 
  

• Document of Authorization for carriage of grain & grain loading manual 

• Certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability for oil Pollution.

• Certificate of insurance or other financial security in respect of civil liability for bunker oil Pollution
• Certificate of fitness.

(After reading please comment what is ur opinion about post which will help us to improve this platform.)

BOILER GAUGE GLASS BLOW THROUGH

 GAUGE GLASS BLOW THROUGH

• SHUT THE STEAM SIDE VALVE 
• SHUT THE WATER SIDE VALVE 
• NOW OPEN THE DRAIN VALVE 
• NOW GAUGE GLASS BECOME EMPTY.
• NOW OPEN THE STEAM SIDE VALVE ,IF STEAM COME OUT WITHOUT ANY DEFICIENCY WHICH MEANS STEAM SIDE IS CLEAR .
• NOW CLOSE THE STEAM SIDE 
• OPEN THE WATER SIDE, IF WATER  WILL COME OUT WITHOUT ANY DEFICIENCY WHICH MEANS  WATER SIDE IS CLEAR.
• NOW CLOSE THE WATER SIDE 
• AND CLOSE THE DRAIN VALVE.
• NOW OPEN THE WATER SIDE FIRST, WATER WILL RISE AND FILL UP THE GAUGE GLASS.
• NOW OPEN THE STEAM SIDE STEAM WILL COME INTO GAUGE GLASS AND SHOW THE EXTRACT LEVEL OF INSIDE  BOILER WATER.

Notes

SURVIVER MAY ASK YOU OPEN WATER SIDE FIRST 

(If we open steam side first gauge glass will breake because of lantern heat.)

2/S Cross-Head Engines Vs 4/S Trunk Piston Engines

 

STARTING OF IG SYSTEM& IG PLANT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

 Starting of IG System

• Boiler should be on.
• Set the line for deck seal pump 
• Set the line for scrubber pump
• Set the line for O2 analyser.
• Set the line on blower,
• Now put the breaker to on position.
•  Ig starts & running.

Function of ig parts.

Scrubber tower:

• Gas will be cooled down to working temperature.
• Solid particles will removed 
• Soluble gas and Sox and carbon gases set mixed with water and draun out.

Demister 

•  Demister made on wire gauge.
• Act as a water absorbent.
• It Moisture will removed and gas will br dry.

Blower

• There will be two blower .
• One for stand by another one will send the gas freeing to cargo tank.

Pressure regulator valve 

• It regulates ig pressure asper discharge rate of cargo and maintain always  positive pressure inside the tank.

O2 analyser.

• It will analyse the oxygen content flowing with gas 

Temperature recorder.

• If ig gas above 57°c it will not allow the gas to cargo tank.

Bleed valve 

• Its a three way valve  .if o2 content is High in ig gas it will open the valve send the gas to atmosphere.

Deck seal.

• It is a non return valve.which will not alow the gas back.

Non return valve.

• Secondary valve . preventive the back flow of gas.

Pv valve

• Safety fitted in the tank to prevent the exclusive vacuum and pressure build-up in the cargo tank it will release the pressure to atmosphere.

Pv breaker.

• Which is fitted in common ig line. When suddenly increase of vacuum and pressure it will open and release the pressure and vaccum.

Mast valve 

• Common ventilating system for cargo tanks . While loading and unloading it should be open.

Deck isolation valve.

• It will isolates the ig line from ig plant.

Vapour line 

• To receive shore supply of ig gass 
• To discharge ig gas to shore storage tank

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER MECHANICAL FOAM

MECHANICAL FOAM

• used for classA and ClassB fires
• 74g of co2 cartage will be used @36 bar pressure
• 97% of water and 3% of AFF ( aqueous Film forming foam)
• Duration 60sec 
• length of flow 6meter
• AFF contain- surfactant such as sodium alkyl sulfate, fluoro surfactant such as fluoro telecom atomic  acid.

Safeties

• Safety pin
• Relief valve

PORTABLE EXTINGUISHERS WATER TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 WATER TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

• Used for classA and ClassB fires like (wood, paper)
• Should use Minimum 9 to maximum 13.5 lit capacity of water as per the solas regulation.
• 74g of cg cartage should be used 
• Duration 60 seconds lenth of the 6 meter 
• Pressure will difference as per the capacity and weight of the cylinder.

Safeties

• Relief hole, and safety pin 

Maintenance

• Weekly:
• Check and clean the nozzle and seal.

• Monthly:
• Check internal and external 
• And co2 cartage and safety pin and weight

• Yearly
• Pressure test @ 36 bar

AIR COMPRESSOR MANUAL STARTING PROCEDURE

Air compressor starting procedure manually.

1. Change over the switch to manual position on the switch board.
2. Check the L.O sump level and condition.
3. Open the moisture drain valve. 
4. Open the compressor discharge valve and charging valve of air bottle.
5. Open cooling water system valves.
6. Turn  compressor flywheel by hand (one turn)
7. Now Start the motor, after that  draining the moisture and shut the drain valve.
8. Check the motor ampere consumed.
9. Check the pressure gauge readings.
10. Frequently drain the moistures.
11. Once the charging full, open drain valve and stop the compressor.

PURIFIER OVERFLOW REASONS

Reasons for purifier overflow

1. Incorrect purifier disc size [Inside diameter too large]
2. Too low fuel oil temperature
3. Too much rate of throughput 
4. Too much sludge inside the bowl
5. Low speed (rpm) of bowl rotation
6. Sealing water failure
7. Operating water failure
8. Worn out main sealing ring.

Important Note: 

surveyor will ask you the following cross questions

Q1. what is throughput? 

• ANS: Purifier feed (inlet)

Q2. what is the meaning of overflow?

ANS:

• Overflow means oil leaking to water side or water leaking to oil side due to failure of interface between these two liquids.

Q3.How will you come to know your purifier is overflowing when you are being in ECR?

ANS: 

1. Purifier abnormal alarm will come
2. Sludge tank high level alarm will come

Air compressor

Air compressor safeties 

1. Drain valve
2. Unloader 
3. Bursting disc
4. Fusible plug 
5. Relief valve 
6. L.O low pressure alarm and trip
7. L.O low level alarm (sump)
8. J.C.W high temperature alarm and trip
9. Jacket water no-flow trip 
10. High air temperature trip 
11. Motor overload trip  

{Note: if surveyor asking this question in oral exam, definitely he will ask what are alarms and what are trips separately}

MARPOL ANNEX 6 REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION

REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION.

APPLY TO 

•  ALL SHIPS 

CERTIFICATES 

• INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE
• ENGINE INTERNATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICATE.
• INTERNATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY CERTIFICATE.

NITROGEN OXIDE (NOx)

APPLY TO 

•  EACH ENGINE OF 130KW AND ABOVE (MAIN ENGINE ND AUX ENGINE)

NOT APPLY TO 

• EMERGENCY GENERATOR,
• LIFE BOAT ENGINE

HOW NOX WILL PRODUCED?

•  USUALLY OXYGEN IS 21% IN AIR. AND NITROGEN IS 78% IN AIR . WHEN BOTH ARE REACT WITH TEMPERATURE OF 1100°C IT BECOME NOx WHICH IS HARM TO ENVIRONMENT.

REASON FOR NOx PRODUCTION.?

•  HIGHT CYLINDER TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DURING THE COMPRESSION.
• HEAVY LOAD ON ENGINE OR ENGINE UNIT.
• IMPROPER AOR AND FUEL MIXTURE.
• HIGH TEMPERATURE OF SCAVENGE AIR.
• JACKET WATER HIGH TEMPERATURE.

METHODS OF REDUCE NOx EMISSIONS?

• HUMIDITY AIR METHOD 
• EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION METHOD.
• WATER INJECTION AND WATER EMULSION.
• SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION
• TWO STAGE TURBOCHARGER 

NOx TECHNICAL FILE ENTRIES .

• ANY MAJOR CHANGES ARE DONE IN IN ENGINE SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN NOX TECHNICAL FILE. 
• INJECTOR CHANGING/ OVERHAULING.
• INJECTOR TIMING CHANGE.
• CYLINDER COOLER REPLACE
• T/C CHANGES  OR REPLACED
• SCAVENGE AIR COOLER MAINTENANCE.
• GOVERNOR CHANGES IN SETTING.

SULPHUR OXIDES SOx 

APPLY TO 

• MAIN ENGINE, AUXILIARY ENGINE BOILER, INCUBATOR.

FORMATION OF SOx 

• BAD QUALITY OF FUEL 
• HIGH PERCENTAGE OF SULPHUR IN FUEL OIL 

CAUSES OF SOx 

• ACID RAIN 
• EMISSION OF SOx 
• HARMFUL TO HUMAN.

SULPHUR EMISSION REGULATIONS

• AFTER 2020 SHOULD USE BELOW 0.5% SULPHUR M/M 
• IF WE DONT HAVE BELOW 0.5% SULPHUR FUEL OIL .
• WE SHOULD FILL FUEL OIL NON AVAILABILITY RECORD 
• NEXT PORT THEY WILL ARRANGE THE LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL.

REDUCTION OF SOx.

• BUNKER LOW SULPHUR FUEL OIL.
• EXHAUST GAS SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY
• CYLINDER LUBRICATION -USE MORE ALKALINE LUB OIL.

SPECIAL AREA UNDER ANNEX 6

• BALTIC SEA 
• NORTH SEA AREA 
• NORTH AMERICAN SEA.
• UNITED STATES CARIBBEAN SEA AREA.

MARPOL ANNEX 1 REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY OIL

 Annex 1 

Apply To 

•   All ships 

Certificate

International oil Pollution prevention certificate.

Survey required 

Oil tanker 130gt and above 

Normal vessel 400gt and above 

• Internal survey 
• Renewal survey
• Intermediate survey
• Annual survey

DISCHARGE CRITERIA

ABOVE 400 GT FOR NORMAL VESSEL

DISCHARGE CRITERIA OUTSIDE OF SPECIAL AREA.

• THE SHIP IS PROCEEDING ENROUTED 
• THE OIL MIXTURE PROCESS THROUGH THE OIL FILTERING EQUIPMENT.
• OIL CONTENT EFFULGENT DOESN'T EXCEEDED 15PPM
• OILY MIXTURE DOESN'T ORIGINATED FROM CARGO PUMP ROOM BILGES ON OIL TANKERS.
• THE OILY MIXTURE IN CASE OF OIL TANKER IS NOT MIX WITH CARGO RESIDUALS.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR SPECIAL AREA 

• SHIP OF 400GT AND ABOVE  FOR NORMAL VESSEL 
• SAME LIKE OUTSIDE OF SPECIAL AREA(ABOVE MENTIONED)  BUT IN ATLANTIC SEA DISCHARGE IS PROHIBITED.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA FOR OIL TANKER OUTSIDE OF SPECAL AREA.

SHIP OF 150GT AND ABOVE  FOR TANKERS.

• SHIP IS NOT IN SPECAL AREA 
• SHIP IS PROCEEDING ENROUTED
• SHIP IS IN 50 NAUTICAL MILES FROM NEAREST LAND .
• THE INSTANTANEOUS RATE OF DISCHARGE OF OIL CONTENT DOESN'T EXCEEDED  30 LITTER PER NAUTICAL MAILES.
• TOTAL QUANTITY OF DISCHARGE FOR OLD TANKER 1/15000 OF TOTAL QUANTITY. FOR NEW TANKER 1/30000 OF TOTAL QUANTITY.
• TANKER DISCHARGE SHOULD BE PROCESS THROUGH THE DISCHARGE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM. AMD SLOP TANK ARRANGEMENT.

DISCHARGE CRITERIA IN SPECIAL AREA FOR TANKERS.

• DISCHARGE IS PROHIBITED.

OIL RECORD BOOK 

NORMAL VESSEL 400GT AND ABOVE- PART 1 FOR MACHINERY SPACE .

FOR TANKER VESSELS 150GT AND ABOVE- PART 2 FOR TANKER .

• EACH OPERATION SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN OIL RECORD BOOK.
• EACH PAGE SHOULD SIGNED BY MASTER .
• ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK SHOULD BE IN FLAGE STATE LANGUAGE
• KEPT IN 3 YEARS IN SHIP.

ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK.

• PART 1 NORMAL VESSEL.
• (400GT AND ABOVE NORMAL VESSEL MACHINERY SPACE ENTRIES)
• BALLAST OR CLEANING OF FO TANKS 
• DISCHARGE OF BALLAST OR CLEANING WATER FROM F.O TANK.
• COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF OIL RESIDUALS.
• AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE.
• NON-AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE.
• BUNKER OF FO AND LUB OIL.
• CONDITION OF OIL FILTERING SYSTEM.

ENTRIES OF OIL RECORD BOOK (TANKER OF 150GT AND ABOVE)

Part 2 tankers

• LOADING OF CARGO OIL.
• TRANSFER TO OTHER TANKER WHILE VOYAGE.
• UNLOADING OF CARGO OIL.
• CRUDE OIL WASHING.
• CLEANING IF CARGO OIL TANK.
• DISCHARGE OF DIRTY WATER 
• DISCHARGE OF WATER FROM SLOP TANK.
• DISPOSAL OF RESIDUALS.

STIFF SHIP AND TENDER SHIP and Difference between stiff and tender ship.

Stiff ship and tender ship

  STIFF SHIP

• When a metacentric height and righting lever distance is large,
• Ship have excessive stability
• Ship will come to its normal upright position very quickly when its heeled.

Tender ship

• When metacentric height and righting lever distance is very small. 
• Ships have less stability
• Ship will come to its  normal  upright position very slowly when its heeled.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STIFF SHIP & TENDER SHIP?

EPIRB EMERGENCY POSITION INDICATING RADIO BEACION

MEO CLASS 4

• self activating radio transponder 

• made of buoyancy material

• as per SOLAS min 1 should be carried, as per dg shipping 2 should be carried,

• battery storage life is 5 years.

• attached in bridge wings with HRU 

• it capable of flooding and automatically activated in the event of flooding.

• once it is activated it will continuously sends the radio signal at least 48 hours .

• it will send the code message via satellite. frequency is 406.5Ghz signal recived by the rescue coordination center, 

• EPIRB capable of send signal to 3NM 

• some of EPIRB have in build GPS which accuracy is  located to  +- (1- 50) meters 

• cospassart satellite 

•   signal will update every 20 mints

INDICATOR DIAGRAM

 indicator diagram

•  At the same time it will indicate pressure and the position of piston.

Purpose:

• To indicate the power developed in the system (cylinder).
• To indicate the pressure maximum (Pmax) and compression pressure
• To find the exhaust and scavenging condition
• To evaluate the combustion process.

 

Types of indictor diagram.

• Draw card 
• Power card
• Compression card
• Light spring diagram

DRAW CARD 

 

• Its used to find the Pmax & Pcom accurately
• With this draw card we can find the ignition delay,fuel pump timing and after burning and the loss of compression.
• Its 90° out off phase with piston movement.

POWER CARD

• Its used to find the indictor power.
• And to find the peak pressure and compression pressure.
• Its in-phase with piston with fuel on.
• It can be find by planimeter.

COMPRESSION CARD

• Its used to find the compression pressure.
• Ans the cylinder thickness.
• Its in-phase cut off fuel and reduce rpm.

LIGHT SPRING DIAGRAM

• Its used to find the pressure variation in the cylinder. With respect to scavenge and exhaust manifold.
• It is in-phase with light spring in fuel on .
• It will show the chocks in scavenge manifold and exhaust valve chocks and less air.

SURVIVER MAY ASK

Why is not possible to take power card in 4-stroke engine?

• 4 stroke piston moves 2 times to TDC in one cycle. So we can't able to take.

FOAMING / PRIMING AND ITS EFFECTS IN BOILER

FOAMING

Formation of thick layer of steam bubbles.

PRIMING 

Its the condition of large amount of water carried over alone  with the steam 

EFFECT OF FOAMING AND PRIMING

• water hammering
• Contamination
• Scale formation
• Fluctuation in water level

2/03/2021 MMD ORAL QUESTIONS ANSWER FUNCTION 3

2/03/2021

MEO CLASS 4

INTERNAL- SHIRISH

Function 3

 

FREEBOARD AND ITS PURPOSE

 

 Distance measured from water line to top of the deck.

 Purpose- 

 Its the protection and closure opening such as hatchway, door ways, ventilation, air pipes, scuppers, and prevent the water accumulation. 

 

Chamber

 

 The transverse cure of the deck from center line to side shells 

 To drive the water outside of the deck ..

Tumble home 

In some ship's side shells are slightly inverted facing to centre line this is called tumble home.

Sheer 

 The curvature of the deck from mid ship to forward and aft . 

Free surface effect

click on this link Free surface effect

Stiff ship 

Its the condition of ship's metacentric height and righting level is large. At any angle resistance to rolling.

Tender ship

 

 When metacentric and righting lever both distance is small  At any angle ship will roll.

Pounding

 When a ship is sailing in heavy weather bow rises above the water because of waves, bow will completely out from water and when it will come back  and hit the water with heavy impact its called pounding.

ISM CODE 

 click the link ISM CODE

 

ISPS CODE 

click the link ISPS CODE